how to fix the error mbstring extension is missing

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the error message "mbstring extension is missing" typically occurs when you're trying to run a php application that relies on the mbstring (multibyte string) extension, but it is not enabled in your php environment. this extension is essential for handling multibyte character encoding in strings, which is especially important for applications that support utf-8 or other non-ascii character sets.

here's a step-by-step tutorial on how to fix this issue based on different environments:

1. *check php installation*

first, you need to verify if the mbstring extension is installed or enabled. you can do this by running the following command in your terminal:



if you see no output, it means the mbstring extension is not enabled.

2. *enable mbstring extension*

for *windows* users:

1. *locate the `php.ini` file:*
find your `php.ini` file. this file is usually located in your php installation directory (e.g., `c:\xampp\php\php.ini` for xampp users).

2. *edit the `php.ini` file:*
open the `php.ini` file in a text editor.
search for the line `;extension=mbstring`.
remove the semicolon (`;`) at the beginning of the line to uncomment it:


3. *restart your web server:*
restart the web server (e.g., apache or nginx) to apply the changes.

for *linux* users:

1. *install the mbstring extension:*
depending on your linux distribution, you can install the mbstring extension using the following commands:

for **debian/ubuntu**:


for **red hat/centos**:


2. *restart your web server:*
after the installation, restart your web server:


for *macos* users (using homebrew):

1. *install the mbstring extension:*
if you are using homebrew, you can install mbstring with:


if php is already installed, you can link the extension:


2. *verify the installation:*
after installation, you can verify that the extension is enabled by running:


3. *verify the fix*

after enabling mbst ...

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