Pharmacology-I, 2021 & 2022 Previous Year Solution | B Pharmacy 4th Semester Paper

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Course Contents:
Unit-I
General Pharmacology
Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks and scope of
pharmacology, nature and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of drug
administration, Agonists, antagonists (competitive and noncompetitive), spare receptors,
addiction, tolerance, dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, allergy.
Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion of drugs. Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, kinetics of elimination.
Unit-II
General Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories and
classification of receptors, regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions signal
transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptor,
transmembrane enzyme linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding receptor
and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose response relationship, therapeutic
index, combined effects of drugs and factors modifying drug action.
Adverse drug reactions.
Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic).
Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical
evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials and pharmacovigilance.
Unit III
Pharmacology of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system
Organization and function of ANS.
Neurohumoral transmission, co-transmission and classification of neurotransmitters.
Parasympathomimetic, Parasympatholytic, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytic.
Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral). Local
anesthetic agents. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma.
Unit IV
Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system
Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. special emphasis on importance of various
neurotransmitters like with GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, dopamine.
General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
Sedatives, hypnotics and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
Anti-epileptics. Alcohols and disulfiram.
Unit V
Pharmacology of drugs acting on central nervous system
Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents,
antimanics and hallucinogens.
Drugs used in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
CNS stimulants and nootropics.
Opioid analgesics and antagonists.
Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance and dependence

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