CLASS-9,EX-2.5,Q.NO-14,NCERT,CBSE

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Class 9 NCERT Mathematics focuses on strengthening the foundational concepts that prepare students for higher-level math in subsequent classes. The book is structured to enhance problem-solving skills, logical reasoning, and application-based understanding. Here's a general description of the chapters:

1. *Number Systems*
Introduces real numbers, their properties, and operations. It also includes rational, irrational numbers, and the representation of real numbers on the number line.

2. *Polynomials*
Discusses polynomials in one variable, degrees, and the division of polynomials. It also includes factorization and the Remainder Theorem.

3. *Coordinate Geometry*
Introduces the Cartesian plane, plotting points, and the concept of distance between two points using the distance formula.

4. *Linear Equations in Two Variables*
Covers linear equations, their graphical representation, and methods to find solutions for simultaneous equations.

5. *Introduction to Euclid's Geometry*
Lays the foundation of geometry by introducing Euclid's axioms and postulates, focusing on logical reasoning and proof.

6. *Lines and Angles*
Discusses types of angles, pairs of angles, and the properties of parallel lines intersected by a transversal.

7. *Triangles*
Explores the properties and types of triangles, including criteria for congruence, the Pythagoras theorem, and inequalities in triangles.

8. *Quadrilaterals*
Focuses on the properties of quadrilaterals, parallelograms, and theorems related to these shapes.

9. *Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles*
Explains the relationship between the areas of parallelograms and triangles with common bases and heights.

10. *Circles*
Introduces the definition of a circle, chords, arcs, and important theorems related to angles and tangents of a circle.

11. *Constructions*
Covers geometric constructions like dividing a line segment and constructing angles and triangles using a ruler and compass.

12. *Heron’s Formula*
Provides a formula for calculating the area of triangles and quadrilaterals using Heron's formula, emphasizing application-based problems.

13. *Surface Areas and Volumes*
Discusses the surface areas and volumes of 3D shapes like cubes, cuboids, spheres, cylinders, and cones.

14. *Statistics*
Introduces basic statistical concepts like mean, median, mode, and representation of data using bar graphs, histograms, and frequency polygons.

15. *Probability*
Covers the basics of probability, including experimental probability and simple problems based on probability.

The NCERT Class 9 Maths textbook emphasizes problem-solving and logical thinking, with numerous examples, exercises, and practice problems to help students grasp concepts effectively.
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