Osteoporosis: Weak Bones, High Fracture Risk

Описание: Osteoporosis is a chronic metabolic bone disorder characterized by reduced bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and a high risk of fractures. It is often called a “silent disease” because bone loss occurs gradually and symptoms usually appear only after a fracture has occurred.

🔹 Key Features

The most prominent feature of osteoporosis is an increased susceptibility to fractures, especially following minor trauma or even normal daily activities. Hip, vertebral (spine), and wrist fractures are the most common and clinically significant. Vertebral compression fractures may occur silently, leading to chronic back pain, loss of height, and stooped posture (kyphosis or dowager’s hump).

Bones become porous, thin, and brittle due to an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. Patients may experience bone tenderness, muscle weakness, and reduced mobility, which further increases the risk of falls and fractures. In advanced cases, multiple vertebral fractures can result in spinal deformities and restricted lung capacity.

🔹 Clinical Importance

Osteoporosis commonly affects postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency but is also seen in elderly men, long-term steroid users, and individuals with nutritional deficiencies or sedentary lifestyles. Early diagnosis through bone mineral density (BMD) testing and preventive measures such as adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, and pharmacological therapy can significantly reduce fracture risk and improve quality of life.

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