Genetic terminology | Mendal's law of inheritance | Punnet square✓

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today we discussed about Genetic terminology | Mendal's law of inheritance | Punnet square✓ #cbseboard #upboard #trending #viralvideos #biology #cbse12thbiology #upboardexam

Mendel’s laws laid the foundation for classical genetics, explaining how traits are inherited from one generation to the next. His first law, the Law of Dominance, states that when an organism has two different alleles for a trait, the dominant allele masks the recessive one, determining the organism’s appearance. The recessive trait appears only if both alleles are recessive.The second law, the Law of Segregation, explains that during gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate so that each gamete carries only one allele. When fertilization occurs, offspring receive one allele from each parent, restoring the pair. This segregation is random, giving each allele an equal chance to be passed on.

However, several exceptions to these laws exist. These include incomplete dominance, where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blend of traits. Codominance occurs when both alleles are equally expressed. Linked genes do not assort independently because they are located close together on the same chromosome. Additionally, polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes influencing a trait, and environmental factors can also modify gene expression.Understanding both Mendel’s laws and their exceptions is essential for grasping the complexity of genetics, inheritance patterns, and how traits are passed on in living organisms.This script introduces Mendel’s fundamental ideas and acknowledges modern genetic complexities, making it ideal for a concise YouTube lesson.


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