RESTRICTION ENZYMES

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RESTRICTION ENZYMES:In the year 1963, the two enzymes responsible for restricting the growth of bacteriophage in E.coli were isolated. One of these added methyl groups to DNA while the othercut DNA .The later was called restriction endonuclese.Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzymes called nucleases. These are of 2 kinds'- exonucleases and endonucleases. Exonucleases remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNAwhereas endonucleases make cut at specific positions within the DNA.Restriction endonuclease always cut DNA molecules at aparticular point by recognizing a specific sequence of six base pairs.This specific base sequence is known as recognition sequences. More than 900 restriction enzymes have been isolated from 230 strains of bacteria each of which recognize different recognition sequences.
E.g.Restriction enzymes ECoRI.
E represents, the genus name Escherichia.
Co represents species name Escherichia coli.
These 3 letters are written italics.
R-Name of the strain.
Roman numbers following the names indicate the order in which the enzymes were isolated from that strain of bacteria.
Each restriction endonuclease functions by inspecting the length of DNA sequence &recognizes a specific palindromic nucleotidesequences in DNA Palindrome means A group of letter that from same words when read both backward & forward
E.g. 51 → 31direction
31→51 direction
51— GAATTC -- 31
31 -- CTTAAG -- 51