TOEFL Listening Practice: Lecture on Enlightenment Philosophy | Academic Test

Описание: Challenge your TOEFL Listening abilities with this lecture on philosophy. The professor explores the great epistemological debate of the Enlightenment between rationalism and empiricism, culminating in the synthesis proposed by Immanuel Kant.
This practice is perfect for test-takers looking to improve their comprehension of complex philosophical arguments.
Key Topics Covered:

● Empiricism: The views of John Locke (the mind as a tabula rasa or blank slate) and David Hume's skepticism about causation.
● Rationalism: The belief that reason and innate principles, not just experience, are key sources of knowledge.
● Immanuel Kant's Synthesis: How Kant's "Copernican Revolution" proposed that objects conform to the cognitive structures of our mind.
● The Problem of Knowledge: How these debates shaped modern philosophy and our understanding of what justifies belief.
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