Python String - Indexing, Slicing - Quick Reference

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Python, String - Indexing, Slicing, Quick Reference,
Python String Indexing, String Index,
Python String Slicing, String Slice,
Length of a string, Position,
Positive Index, Negative Index,
Indexing retrieves or extracts character from the specified position of string.

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String indexing
Indexing retrieves a single character from a string based on its position.
String slicing
Slicing extracts a substring using a range of indices. The full syntax is [start:stop:step].


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String Indexing Example
(Code ➔ Output)
Indexing retrieves a single character from a string at a specified index (position).
Syntax: str[index]
Index refers to the numerical position of a character within a string.
Zero-based: First character of a string is at index 0, length of the string is n.
str = "Python"

P y t h o n
0 1 2 3 4 5
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

str[0] ➔ P
Positive Index: Counts forward from the left. Ranges from 0 to n-1.
str[2] ➔ t
Negative Index: Counts backward from the right. Ranges from -n to -1.
str[-3] ➔ h
Out of bound: Raises an IndexError: string index out of range if the index is outside the string's range.
str[6]➔ IndexError
String Slicing Example
(Code ➔ Output)
Slicing extracts a substring using start, end as a range of indices with step.
Syntax: str[start:end:step]
Slice of str from start i to end j with step k is the sequence of items with index x = i + t*k such that 0 lesser or equal t lesser (j-i)/k. The indices are i, i+k, i+2*k, i+3*k and so on.
Length of a slice is difference(i,j)/k, if i,j are within bounds. n is length of the string len(str).
str = "Python"

P y t h o n
0 1 2 3 4 5
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1

str[1:4] ➔ yth
str[-4:-1] ➔ tho
Start: Starting index (included). Optional, defaults to 0 for positive step, n-1 for negative step.
str[:2] ➔ Py
End: Ending index (excluded). Optional, defaults to n for positive step, -n-1 for negative step.
str[2:] ➔ thon
Step: The interval between characters. Optional, defaults to 1. Negative values returns reverse of the slice by moving backwards (from right).
str[1::3] ➔ yo
str[-1:-5:-2] ➔ nh
str[::-1] ➔ nohtyP
Out of bound: Handled gracefully. Returns available substring or an empty string. If step is 0 then returns ValueError: slice step cannot be zero
str[:10] ➔ Python
str[10:] ➔
(empty string)
String is Immutable. So, index, slice cannot be used to change character(s) in a string but only to access character(s).