Why read THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels?
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Загружено: 2025-11-16
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Published in 1848, the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) is undoubtedly one of the most influential and controversial political texts in modern history. Written at the behest of the Communist League, the Manifesto is not just an analysis, but a powerful call to action.
The core of the work is the thesis that "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles." Marx and Engels dissect the capitalist system, arguing that it is based on the exploitation of the working class, the proletariat, by the ruling class, the bourgeoisie. The only solution, according to the authors, is the violent overthrow of capitalism and the abolition of private property, culminating in a classless society: communism.
Reading the Manifesto is essential to understanding the ideological roots of the social and political movements that shaped the 20th century, from revolutions to social welfare policies. Its relevance lies in how it exposed the intrinsic contradictions of capitalism and gave voice to global dissatisfaction.
Famous Opening and Closing: The Manifesto is famous for its opening and closing phrases. It begins with: "A specter is haunting Europe—the specter of communism" and ends with the iconic appeal: "Workers of all countries, unite!"
The Ten Measures: Section II of the Manifesto lists ten practical measures that, according to the authors, would be necessary for the transition to communism after the revolution. These include the abolition of private land ownership, the implementation of a progressive tax, and free public education for all children.
The Posthumous Controversy: Although the Manifesto had an immediate impact, its influence exploded in the 20th century, after the Russian revolutions of 1917, making it the fundamental text of the ideology of several states. Due to its association
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