Exogenous surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome

Описание: Exogenous surfactant administration is a cornerstone therapy for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS). It involves delivering surfactant directly into the lungs of premature infants who lack sufficient natural surfactant, which is essential for keeping alveoli open and enabling effective gas exchange.

🧪 What Is Exogenous Surfactant?
Surfactant is a lipoprotein substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse during exhalation. Exogenous surfactant is a synthetic or animal-derived formulation that mimics this function.

Types of Surfactant
Natural surfactants: Derived from bovine or porcine lungs (e.g., beractant, poractant alfa)

Synthetic surfactants: Lab-made, sometimes with added proteins (e.g., lucinactant)

🩺 Indications for Use
Premature infants (34 weeks gestation) with signs of NRDS

Infants with confirmed surfactant deficiency via clinical and radiographic findings

Sometimes used prophylactically in high-risk neonates immediately after birth

💉 Administration Method
Delivered via endotracheal tube directly into the lungs

Often followed by mechanical ventilation or CPAP

Can be given in multiple doses depending on severity and response

⚙️ Mechanism of Action
Reduces alveolar surface tension

Improves lung compliance

Enhances oxygenation

Decreases work of breathing

🎯 Benefits
Rapid improvement in oxygenation

Reduced need for mechanical ventilation

Lower incidence of complications like pneumothorax and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Improved survival rates in premature infants

⚠️ Potential Risks
Airway obstruction during administration

Bradycardia or desaturation

Pulmonary hemorrhage (rare)

Infection risk if sterility is compromised
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