Leafy vegetables hygiene. Lettuce, spinach contaminated. Toxigenic E. coli bacteria microscopy

Описание: This video is not for kids. Harmful bacteria such as toxigenic, entero-haemorrhagic Escherichia coli may now seldom contaminate raw vegetables, because strict precautions have been taken after several incidents in the, some even with fatal consequences. Cleanliness in the production of leafy vegetables is of utmost importance. Once harmful bacteria occur on the leaves, their removal is not possible and the leaves are no more safe to eat in the raw state. Not only do the bacteria hide in crevices on the leaf surfaces but they also penetrate the leaves through orifices called stomata, which the plants use to control the intake-outtake of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapour. Thorough cooking kills the bacteria, which is particularly important in the case of spinach, which may be consumed when well cooked.
This video is based on the author’s paper “Microscopy and Hygiene” in “Infocus Magazine”: https://www.rms.org.uk/study-read/inf....
Information related to the topics of this presentation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escheri... Escherichia coli in Wikipedia
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti... Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli, Shiga toxin
https://www.mnn.com/health/fitness-we... The brighter side of Escherichia coli
https://news.google.com/topics/CAAqJA... Bacterial contamination of lettuce
   • This is how E. coli gets into your salad   Lettuce contamination with bacteria
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/rele... Birds and their droppings can carry over 60 diseases
   • Demonstration of Stomata on a Leaf Peel - ...   Demonstration of stomata on a leaf
   • Structure And Working Of Stomata   Structure and working of stomata
   • Видео   Stomata and gas exchange animation

Acknowledgments:
The author thanks the photographers who have placed their images into the public domain, from where they have been used to illustrate this presentation:
Lettuce grown in a greenhouse: https://pixabay.com/photos/organic-fa...
Field-grown lettuce: https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/let...
Cattle: http://www.mygc.com.au/stock-agent-tr...
Goats: https://pixabay.com/photos/goats-crea...
Sheep: https://media1.fdncms.com/riverfrontt...
Rabbit: https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/...
Deer: https://pixnio.com/fauna-animals/deer...
Crows: http://pdpics.com/photo/3310-crow-mee...
Lettuce harvester: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
The other images are from the author’s archive: The photographs of lettuce and spinach are free but the scanning electron microscopy images of the Escherichia coli bacteria alone and in the crevices and stomata on vegetable leaves are protected by copyright.

Other videos on this channel:
Rice (   • Microscopy + rice: white, parboiled, insta...  )
Milk products (   • Dairy products under a microscope - cheese...  ).
Former title: Leafy vegetables, lettuce, spinach, contaminated with toxigenic E. coli bacteria under a microscope.