The Babylonian Empire

Описание: The Babylonian Empire was a powerful ancient civilization in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) from the 18th century BCE to the 6th century BCE. It was known for its impressive architecture, mathematics, astronomy, literature, and law, among other things. The empire was ruled by a series of kings, such as Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II, who oversaw its expansion, cultural achievements, and eventual downfall.

Review Questions:
1. What was the capital of the Babylonian Empire, and where was it located?
The capital of the Babylonian Empire was Babylon, situated on the Euphrates River in what is now modern-day Iraq.
2. What is Hammurabi's Code, and why is it significant?
Hammurabi's Code is one of the earliest known legal codes that established principles for justice and governance. It included laws related to various aspects of life and was inscribed on a stele for public display, making it a significant contribution to the development of legal systems.
3. Who was Nebuchadnezzar II, and what are some of his notable achievements?
Nebuchadnezzar II was one of the most notable rulers of the Babylonian Empire. He expanded the empire's territory, rebuilt Babylon into a magnificent city, and is famously associated with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
4. What were the Babylonians' contributions to mathematics and astronomy?
The Babylonians made significant contributions to mathematics by developing the base-60 numeral system still used for measuring time (60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour). They also had an advanced understanding of astronomy, cataloging celestial events and creating early calendars.
5. How did the Babylonian Empire end, and who was responsible for its downfall?
The Babylonian Empire fell in 539 BCE when the Persian Empire conquered it under Cyrus the Great. Various conflicts and invasions over the centuries weakened the empire, leading to its eventual downfall.