Module 3 Unit 9 Part 1

Описание: Module 3 – Unit 9 – Part 1: Balancing Economic Development and Environmental Services
This presentation examines the complex interplay between economic development and environmental services, framing ecosystems as the invisible foundation of human prosperity and social well-being. It introduces environmental externalities as a central organizing concept, explaining how unintended consequences of production and consumption generate market failures, free-rider problems, and spatially dispersed impacts that undermine sustainable development. The discussion situates the challenge of balancing protection and growth within supply chain management and policy intervention debates, using forested landscapes and the mangrove belts of Jakarta's northern coast as illustrative cases of multi-functional ecosystems with overlapping uses. Environmental services are defined as direct and indirect benefits generated by ecosystems and are organized into four interrelated categories: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services. Each category is unpacked through specific examples, valuation challenges, and the often-hidden costs of extraction and degradation. The presentation also traces the historical evolution of natural resource governance from common-pool stewardship through industrial commodification toward contemporary market-based mechanisms such as Payments for Ecosystem Services. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of integrating monetary and socio-cultural valuations, internalizing externalities, strengthening property rights, and aligning policy frameworks—exemplified by the EU Biodiversity Strategy—to sustain resilient ecosystem service networks across generations.