Starting position in exercise Physiotherapy (In English+ Hindi)

Описание: Today topic-Starting position

what is the starting position
starting position क्या है
Physiotherapy में starting position का क्या roll है |
Starting position is also known as the Fundamental positions. Basically 5 types of fundamental starting positions.......
1. Standing
2. Kneeling
3. Sitting
4. Lying
5. Hanging

Explained in very easy way.
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Posture follows movement like a shadow; every movement begins in posture & ends in posture. – Sherrington.  Starting position – a posture from which movement is initiated which may be active or passive in character.  5 basic starting positions –  Standing  Kneeling  Sitting  Lying  Hanging

.  All other positions are derived from them.  In this positions, equilibrium & stability is maintained by balance of forces acting on body. The muscular force used is isometric.  The strength & distribution of this contraction is controlled by a series of reflexes known as postural reflexes.

 Most difficult fundamental position to maintain, as body must be balanced & stabilized on small base by co- ordinated work of many muscle groups.

POSITION Heels Together, in same line, toes slightly apart Knees Together & straight Hips Extended & slightly laterally rotated Pelvis Balanced on femoral heads Spine Stretched to maximum length Vertex Thrust upwards, ears leveled & eyes look straight forward Shoulders Down & back Arm Hang loosely to sides Palm Facing inwards towards body

MUSCLE WORK  Muscle work required to maintain the position varies with circumstances.  ↓ when body segment is in good alignment & perfectly balanced; ↑ by faulty alignment or by external forces that disturbs equilibrium.  To hold the position, antigravity muscles of trunk & lower limb work isometrically.

Intrinsic muscles of feet Stabilizes feet Prevents toe curling Plantarflexors Balances lower leg on foot Dorsiflexors Counterbalances action of plantarflexors Support medial longitudinal arch of foot Evertors Counterbalances action of invertors Presses ball of great toe on ground Knee extensors Works slightly Hip extensors Maintains hip extension Balances pelvis on femoral heads Hip lateral rotators (slight action) Bracing of legs & foot arches

Spine extensors Keeps the trunk upright Lumbar flexors (abdominal) Prevents over action of lumbar extensors Maintain correct angle of pelvic tilt Supports abdominal viscera Pre-vertebral neck muscles Controls extensive neck extension Straightens cervical spine Flexors/extensors of atlanto-occipital joint Works reciprocally to balance head Elevators of mandible Closes the mouth Scapular retractors Draws the scapulae backward (glenoid cavity faces laterally) Arms Relaxed


EFFECTS & USES  Relatively small base  High COG  State of equilibrium – less stable (than other fundamental positions)  So suitable for exercise for those who can maintain it correctly.  Attaining & holding standing posture – reduces fatigue & conditions postural reflexes.  Position of alertness  Thorax is free & abdominal viscera is well supported.  Associated with feeling of joy & efficiency.


 The position of arms, legs or trunk is altered in fundamental position to modify effect of position or to start exercises. Purpose :-  To increase or decrease size & stability of the base  To raise or lower COG  To ensure maximum local or general relaxation  To control or fix the particular part of body to have localized movement  To increase or decrease muscle work  To increase or decrease leverage  To provide convenient position to start exercise


BY ALTERATION OF THE ARMS


Wing standing


Low wing standing


Bend standing


Reach standing


Yard standing



Stretch standing


BY ALTERATION OF THE LEGS


Close standing


Toe standing


Stride standing


Walk standing


Half standing