Benoit Laurent - Hydrodynamic obstruction in first-order phase transitions
Автор: Research Talks (from Home)
Загружено: 2026-03-02
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Abstract: Cosmological first-order phase transitions can generate observable gravitational waves, whose amplitude is highly sensitive to the bubble wall velocity. While this velocity is typically determined using a stationary analysis, where hydrodynamic obstruction from shock heating can lead to subsonic solutions even in local thermal equilibrium (LTE), the validity of this picture during the early-time evolution of the bubble remains unclear.
In this talk, I present a time-dependent analysis of the coupled scalar field and fluid system, starting from a nucleated critical bubble. I show that hydrodynamic obstruction is not always realized: if the wall accelerates sufficiently rapidly, it can outpace the formation of the shock and become relativistic, even in regions where static analyses predict a subsonic solution. Within LTE, I derive a simple analytic criterion, expressed in terms of thermodynamic parameters, that determines whether obstruction occurs. Numerical simulations confirm the accuracy of this criterion and highlight the importance of time-dependent dynamics for reliable phenomenological predictions.
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