Transistor as a Switch – Working & Theory
Автор: Shantha c Mukartihal
Загружено: 2025-03-13
Просмотров: 41
Описание:
A transistor (like the 2N3904 NPN transistor) can function as an electronic switch by controlling the flow of current between its collector and emitter terminals using a small current at its base terminal.
Working of Transistor as a Switch
1.OFF State (Cutoff Region):
oWhen the base-emitter voltage (VBE) is less than 0.7V, the transistor is OFF (no conduction).
oNo current flows from collector to emitter, so the LED remains OFF.
2.ON State (Saturation Region):
When VBE is 0.7V or more, the transistor turns ON.
Current flows from collector to emitter, completing the circuit.
The LED gets power and turns ON.
Theory Behind Operation
A transistor is like a controlled switch. The small base current allows a larger current to flow through the collector-emitter path.
It has three regions of operation:
Cutoff Region: No base current → Transistor OFF → LED OFF.
Saturation Region: Base current present → Transistor ON → LED ON.
Active Region (not used in switching): Used in amplification, not switching.
This behavior makes transistors useful in circuits for automating control of devices like LEDs, motors, and relays.
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