WGU D570 OA Cognitive Psychology – The ONLY Study Guide You Need (Part 01)

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Welcome to your complete breakdown of the Memory section for D570 – Cognitive Psychology.

Memory is one of the most heavily tested areas on the Objective Assessment (OA), and this video walks you step-by-step through sensory memory, working memory, long-term memory, encoding strategies, retrieval processes, everyday memory, and memory distortion.

This exam does not just test vocabulary.
It tests whether you understand how memory systems connect, how researchers proved their models, and how to apply those concepts in real scenarios.


🎯 What You Will Master in This Video

By the end of this lesson, you will confidently understand:

🧠 1. The Modal Model of Memory (Atkinson & Shiffrin)

The three memory stores:

• Sensory Memory – brief raw input
• Short-Term Memory (STM) – limited capacity
• Long-Term Memory (LTM) – vast storage

Think of it as a pipeline:
Sensory → Short-Term → Long-Term

Rehearsal moves information forward.

👁️ 2. Sensory Memory (Sperling’s Experiments)

You’ll learn:

• Whole report vs partial report
• Delayed partial report
• Iconic memory (visual, ~⅓ second)
• Echoic memory (auditory, lasts longer)

Exam Tip: Echoic memory lasts longer than iconic.

🔢 3. Short-Term Memory & Capacity

• Digit span (Miller’s 7 ± 2)
• Chunking increases effective capacity

Chunking = grouping items into meaningful units.

🧩 4. Working Memory (Baddeley & Hitch)

Working memory replaces simple STM.

Components:

• Phonological Loop – verbal/auditory
• Visuospatial Sketchpad – visual/spatial

Key Effects Tested Often:

• Phonological similarity effect
• Word length effect
• Articulatory suppression

If rehearsal is blocked → similarity effect disappears.

📚 5. Long-Term Memory
Serial Position Curve (Murdock)

• Primacy Effect → LTM
• Recency Effect → STM

Coding Types

• Visual
• Auditory
• Semantic (strongest)

Proactive Interference

Old memories block new ones.

Brain Structure

• Hippocampus → forms new LTM

🧳 6. Tulving’s Memory Types

• Episodic – personal experiences
• Semantic – facts
• Procedural – skills

Memory Trick:
Episodic = diary
Semantic = encyclopedia
Procedural = muscle memory

🧠 7. Encoding & Levels of Processing
Maintenance Rehearsal

Shallow repetition

Elaborative Rehearsal

Deep meaning-based processing

Craik & Tulving

Deep processing → better memory

🔁 8. Powerful Memory Effects

• Self-reference effect
• Generation effect
• Retrieval practice effect (testing effect)
• Survival processing

Exam Tip: Testing yourself works better than rereading.

📖 9. Everyday Memory
Reminiscence Bump

More memories from teens & early 20s

Three explanations:
• Self-image hypothesis
• Cognitive hypothesis
• Cultural life script hypothesis

Emotional Memory

• Emotion strengthens encoding
• Amygdala interacts with hippocampus

Flashbulb Memories

Vivid but not perfectly accurate
Narrative rehearsal explains confidence.

🧠 10. Constructive Memory & Distortion

Memory is reconstruction, not replay.

Key Concepts:

• Source monitoring errors
• Illusory truth effect
• Schemas & scripts
• Misinformation effect (Loftus)
• Pragmatic inference
• Bartlett’s repeated reproduction

Exam Tip: If post-event info changes memory → misinformation effect.

📝 Common D570 Exam Patterns

You will likely see:

• Researcher-name matching questions
• Stage-of-memory identification questions
• Scenario-based application questions
• Distortion mechanism identification
• Memory-type comparison questions

🎓 What You’ll Gain From This Video

By watching this review, you will:

• Understand how memory flows from input to storage
• Recognize working memory effects instantly
• Distinguish episodic vs semantic vs procedural
• Apply encoding strategies in scenarios
• Identify memory distortions correctly
• Avoid mixing up memory stages
• Feel confident in the memory section of your OA

❗ Why Understanding Stages Matters

Most wrong answers come from confusing:

• Short-term vs long-term memory
• Encoding vs retrieval
• Episodic vs semantic
• Primacy vs recency
• Proactive vs retroactive interference

Identify the stage first → eliminate wrong answers faster.

⚠️ Disclaimer

This content is for educational and exam preparation purposes only.
We are not affiliated with or endorsed by Western Governors University (WGU).


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