PECT Test // Pennsylvania Educator Certification// EducatorSharmin

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Q. 1. Which of these is NOT one of the major personality structures proposed by Sigmund Freud in his psychoanalytic theory of development?
Ans: Libido
( The libido is part of the id according to Freud. It represents psychic energy as well as sex drive. Freud's three major personality structures are the id)

Q.2. To support EC language development, experts advise which of the following teacher practices?
Ans: Asking children more open-ended questions

Q.3. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, _______ and ____are processes included in the overall process of _________.

Ans: Assimilation, accommodation; adaptation

Q.4. Piaget coined the term "schema" to describe:
Ans: Mental concepts of categories or classes

(Schemata are mental constructs or concepts of categories or classes of things, e.g. things I can throw; furry four-legged animals, etc.)

Q.5. The concept of object permanence is best characterized as:
Ans: "Out of sight, still exists."

Q.6. According to Piaget's theory, in what age range do children begin representing things with symbols?
Ans: Between 18 and 24 months

Q.7. A toddler sees a large brown dog and says, "Moo!" This is an example of
Ans: Assimilation
(The toddler has a schema (concept) of large, brown, four-legged, furry animals as being cows. )

Q.8. According to Piaget's theory, the term conservation means which of these?
Ans: The idea that amounts /numbers are the same regardless of shape or appearance

Q.9. When a young child believes his/her thoughts caused something external to happen, which is the most specific Plagetian term to describe this phenomenon?
Ans: Magical thinking

Q.10. Which of the following processes occurs earliest in children?
Ans: Centration

Q.11. In which of the six stages of artistic growth and development do children begin to develop a visual schema?
Ans: Preschematic

Q.12. Which of the following is most effective for teaching pre-math and manipulative skills to preschool children?
Ans: Giving them solid objects to manipulate physically

Q.13. At what age do children typically undergo the second of three periods of language/communication development?
Ans: From 6 - 18 months

Q.14. Which of the following is most typical of the language development of a two-year-old?
Ans: Using at least two pronouns correctly

Q.15. Which of these is more typical of the language development of a two to three-year-old than of a preschooler?
Ans: Expressing opinions/preferences

Q.16. Which of these is correct about one-on-one vs. group conversations between adults and young children?
Ans: Adults can better elicit children's abstract idea comprehension one on one

Q.17. Which of the following teacher actions is most effective for fostering greater depth of preschoolers' comprehension of word meanings?
Ans: Giving multiple definitions and examples of new words

Q. 18. What is correct about how teachers can support young children's language development when the children tell stories?
Ans: Storytelling permits young children to exercise their powers of imagination
Q.19. What is the most typical age for children to understand common opposites like big/little, hot/cold, etc.?
Ans: Five years old
Q.20. According to Roger Brown's (1973) Stage I sentence types, which of these is classified under "Operations of Reference"?
Ans: A negation
Q.21. In Brown's (1973) Stages of Syntactical and Morphological Development, which of their age ranges is associated with what he designated as Stage I?
Ans: 122 - 26 months
Q.22. A child who correctly uses irregular past tenses of verbs, e.g. went, felt froze, etc. would be in which of Roger Brown's Stages of Syntactic and Morphological Development?
Ans: Stage III
Q.23. According to Roger Brown, a child who indicates the regular plural by saying "My toys" is in which of his Stages of Syntactical and Morphological Development?
Ans: Stage II
Q.24. When characterizing young children, what did Vygotsky mean by the term "private speech" that he coined?
Ans: Speaking aloud to themselves during activities
Q.25. Among the following auditory disabilities, which one does not involve any part of the hearing mechanism?
Ans: central auditory processing disorder
Q.26. To promote young children's developing abstract thinking, which teacher technique to use during and after shared readings is/are best suited for use with children in the younger, rather than older, age of early childhood?
Ans: asking children to identify vocabulary words and describe story details

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