Lower Airway Obstructions in Pediatrics | Medvarsity

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Lower airway obstruction can occur at the trachea, bronchi, or bronchioles levels. Clinically, it is distinguished by wheezing and hyperinflated chest, in addition to other signs of respiratory distress. Bronchiolitis, asthma, pneumonia, laryngotracheo bronchitis, congenital malformations, and foreign body inhalation are all common causes.

Bronchiolitis typically affects children aged 2 months to 2 years. Infection with a respiratory syncytial virus is the most common cause. The diagnosis is primarily clinical, with investigations playing a minor role. The mainstays of treatment are humidified oxygen and supportive therapy. Non-responders may be considered for a trial of inhaled epinephrine or parenteral steroids. It is typically associated with a positive outcome.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a type of lower airway obstruction that is common. Asthma is usually considered a separate respiratory disease, but it is sometimes confused with COPD. Both have symptoms that are similar. Chronic coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath are among the symptoms.

Dr. Vasanth Kumar. S explains in detail the lower airway obstruction and adds on a note regarding asthma.