Satan Not from the Bible: The Mystery of Persian Influence on Judaism

Описание: #Satan #Zoroastrianism #Christianity

The story unfolds the evolution of Satan's image from a mere biblical adversary to a powerful fallen angel and lord of demons. In ancient Israelite texts, the word satan denotes an accuser or legal opponent in a heavenly court, as in the Book of Job, where he acts as part of the divine council rather than an arch-enemy. After the Babylonian exile under Persian influence, the concept shifts, absorbing Zoroastrian ideas of the struggle between good and evil, leading to the emergence of evil spirits and angels of darkness in apocalyptic texts like the Dead Sea Scrolls and the Book of Enoch.

During the Second Temple period, the image of an evil leader takes shape in figures like Belial or Azazel, who lead fallen angels teaching humanity sins and waging a cosmic war against the forces of light. The New Testament amplifies this role, portraying Satan as the tempter of Jesus and ruler of demons, with attributes rooted not in the Hebrew Bible but in intertestamental literature. Christians later project these traits onto biblical narratives, seeing the serpent in Eden or the fallen Lucifer as Satan himself.

The narrative emphasizes historical complexity: the concept developed through cultural exchanges, wars, and contingent events, applying principles of change over time, context, causality, complexity, and contingency. This encourages understanding religious ideas as a dynamic process, far from static dogmas.

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