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Описание: The Rankine Cycle and Internal Energy Conversion (14:1 Compression)
​The fundamental efficiency of a four-stroke internal combustion engine is governed by the principles of the Rankine Cycle as applied to the thermal transfer processes within the cylinder. Considering an adiabatic compression stroke with a volumetric compression ratio (\epsilon) of 14:1, the theoretical temperature rise can be calculated using the ideal gas law and the isentropic process relationship: T_2 = T_1 \cdot \epsilon^{\gamma-1}. With \gamma (the heat capacity ratio for air) being approximately 1.4, this rapid increase in temperature (T_2) is critical for auto-ignition prevention in Spark-Ignition (SI) engines. However, the subsequent power stroke involves a sudden isobaric expansion followed by an isochoric cooling phase, where only a fraction of the heat energy (Q_{in}) from the fuel combustion is converted into useful mechanical work (W_{out}). The balance is expelled as waste heat (Q_{out}) through the exhaust. This continuous cycle minimizes the entropy generation (\Delta S) within the system, theoretically achieving a maximum thermal efficiency of \eta_{\text{thermal}} = 1 - (1/\epsilon^{\gamma-1}), often approximated around 65% in optimal, idealized scenarios. Don't forget to check the specific heat values for the gaseous mixture!
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