Pontine syndromes caused by ischemic infarcts

Описание: Infarct of paramedian branches of the basilar artery → inferior medial pontine syndrome:
Contralateral Hemiparesis (pyramidal tracts)
Ipsilateral
Abduction palsy (abducens nerve, CN VI)
Facial muscle weakness (facial nerve, CN VII)
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (MLF): Damage to MLF results in impaired lateral gaze due to impaired adduction of the eye ipsilateral to the MLF lesion in the pons, resulting in nystagmus of the abducted contralateral eye

Infarct of basilar artery → ventral pontine syndrome:
Contralateral Hemiparesis (pyramidal tracts)
Ipsilateral
Abduction palsy (CN VI)
Facial muscle weakness (CN VII)

Infarct of AICA or perforating branches of basilar artery → lateral pontine syndrome:
Contralateral Loss of pain and temperature (lateral spinothalamic tract)
Ipsilateral
Facial muscle weakness, decreased salivation and lacrimation, and loss of taste from anterior 2/3 of the tongue (facial nerve, CN VII)
Horner syndrome (sympathetic fibers): miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis
Limb and gait ataxia (middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles)
Loss of pain and temperature sensation in the face (spinal trigeminal nerve nucleus, CN V)
Vertigo, nystagmus, and hearing loss (vestibulocochlear nerve nuclei, CN VIII): If the labyrinthine artery is involved, it can also affect the labyrinth of the inner ear