Watson and Crick model of DNA DNA structure and function | Discovery of dna | Biology | BioScholar

Описание: Watson and Crick model of DNA DNA structure and function | Discovery of dna | Biology | BioScholar
#DNA #Geneticmaterial #Biology #BioSholar


👉DNA Overview
DNA = Deoxyribonucleic acid, hereditary material.
Found in the nucleus of cells.
Structure: Double helix made of two antiparallel strands.



👉Nucleotides
Basic unit of DNA.


👉Components:
Pentose sugar (deoxyribose).
Phosphate group (at C-5).
Nitrogenous base (at C-1).
Hydroxyl group at C-3.



👉Nitrogenous Bases
Two groups: Purines & Pyrimidines.
Purines (2 rings): Adenine (A), Guanine (G).
Pyrimidines (1 ring): Cytosine (C), Thymine (T).



👉Chargaff’s Rule
A = T, G = C.
Purines = Pyrimidines.
Base pairing stabilizes the helix.



👉Bonding & Stability
Hydrogen bonds between bases (A–T, G–C).
Phosphodiester bonds link nucleotides (between phosphate & hydroxyl).
Base stacking → extra stability.



👉Dimensions
Diameter: ~2 nm.
Base separation: 0.34 nm.
One helical turn = 10 bases = 3.4 nm.
Major and minor grooves formed by the twist.



👉DNA Packaging
DNA length: ~2 meters per cell.
Coils around proteins → forms chromatin.
Chromatin folds → fits inside nucleus.DNA Overview



Time stamps:
00:00 Introduction
00:11 Discovery of DNA
04:36 Watson and Crick model of DNA (Features)
06:02 Structure of DNA

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