What programming language to learn in 2023? Ranking, Comparison, Applications / Best Language

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AspectC++, AspectJ, AspectLua, CaesarJ, Compose*, ObjectTeams, Basic, Cg, JOVIAL, Pascal, PL/M, QBASIC, REXX, Algol 68, Algol, Shell, Modula, Оберон, PL/1, Упрощённый Алгол, Фокал, Fortran, PHP, GNU bc, Euphoria, Limbo, Lua, Maple, MATLAB, Occam, PureBasic, Scilab, Activ Oberon, Bi, Cobol, Modula-2, Modula-3, Oberon, Pascal, Rapira, C, Golang, Mercury, Prolog, Curry, Action Script, C++/CLI, C#, ColdFusion, D, Dart, Object Pascal, Dylan, Eiffel, Game Maker Language (GML), Groovy, Haxe, Io, Java, MC#, Objective-C, Perl, PHP, Pike, Python, Ruby, Self, Simula, Smalltalk, Swift, Vala, Visual Basic, Visual DataFlex, Zonnon, Ada, Component Pascal, Cat, Clean, Dylan, Elm, Erlang, F#, Gentee, Haskell, Hope, J, Mathematica, OCaml, Scheme, APL, LISP, Logo, Refal, C++, Kotlin, Delphi, Erlang, JavaScript, Mathematica, Mozart, Nemerle, Rust, Scala, Swift, Zonnon, Julia, Visual DataFlex, FBD, IL, Ladder, Diagram, Sequential Function Chart, SPCLK, ST, SCL, Forth, Joy, Factor, 5th, Enchilada, Cat, Raven, Onyx, Staapl, Lviv, Deque, Om, Kitten, Moy, Breeze, Freelang, 8th, mjoy, CoSy, NetP, PostScript, Afnix, Alef, ChucK, Clojure, Corn, C#, Active C#,
Parallel C#, E, Eiffel, Java, Join Java, X10, Join-calculus, Joule, Limbo, Oz, Mozart, Pict, SR, Т++, Zonnon, Ada, Cilk, 1С, ABAP/4, Awk, BCPL, GPSS, Matlab, ML, MetaQuotes Language MQL4/MQL5, Pixilang, PostScript, Tcl/Tk, Virtual Machine, X++, Робик, Clarion, D, DataFlex, FoxPro, OpenEdge Advanced Business Language, Visual DataFlex, PL/SQL, SQL, SQL-92, Transact-SQL, Clipper, dBase, Befunge, Brainfuck, Byter, FALSE, INTERCAL, LOLCODE, Malbolge, Piet, Whitespace, EmptyScript, ABC, Abap,
Alice, Apex, Bash, Comal, PascvalABC.NET, Lazarus, FreePascal, Turbo Pascal, Eiffel, Elixir, Lua, Scratch, Verilog...

Before proceeding to the choice of programming languages, I propose to trace the dynamics of changes in the rating of programming languages. There are many ratings and they are not perfect.

For example there is an index TIOBE. For calculations, Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu search queries are taken, although there are many more of them in the world. Requests are difficult to objectively calculate without unnecessary garbage and take into account not the number of requests, but the number of unique users. This can only partially indicate the relevance and part of the popularity of some languages.

There are also some Web hostings for programming projects that, based on the number of projects, calculate their rating of programming languages, for example, GitHub, GitHut services. But even they cannot give the necessary and correct statistics. First, the number of users of different programming languages on different services can vary greatly. Secondly, many projects are generally closed and are stored on computers of various enterprises, and not in repositories. And many programmers simply do not post their projects on the Internet.

If you already know some programming language, it may make sense to develop further in it and the languages of its family.
Therefore, choose which area of programming is closer to you, which style of programming and language, look at the situation with work and opportunities in your area of ​​residence and make a decision based on your thoughts. And the advice of various programmers on the Internet is just additional food for thought when making a decision. The decision is made by you personally and the consequences of the decision will be in your life. A programming language is a tool and can be used in many different ways. Nevertheless, something with this tool can be done more conveniently, and something - vice versa. If desired, even dead languages can be given a second life - if you continue to develop, popularize and use it.