Solidification

Описание: Download free book, Phase Transitions, Harry Bhadeshia and Haixue Yan
https://www.phase-trans.msm.cam.ac.uk...

An overview of solidification processes in both pure metals and alloys, focusing on the factors that control the transformation from liquid to solid. They explain that the velocity of the transformation is related to the difference between atom jumps at the solid-liquid interface and the degree of undercooling below the equilibrium melting temperature. A major theme is the stability of the solidification front, contrasting planar or columnar growth with dendritic growth, which is often caused by a negative temperature gradient in pure liquids or by constitutional supercooling in alloys. In alloys, non-equilibrium cooling conditions lead to solute partitioning and the formation of cored structures with composition gradients, making dendritic microstructures common. The texts also discuss the resulting grain structures in castings, such as the chill zone and columnar grains, and methods to suppress constitutional supercooling.