Developing countries | Wikipedia audio article

Описание: This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Developing countries


00:02:07 1 Definitions
00:05:29 1.1 Measure and concept of development
00:07:26 1.2 Terms used to classify levels of development
00:09:09 1.3 Criticisms and other terms
00:10:26 1.3.1 Third World
00:11:08 1.3.2 Global South
00:11:46 2 Common challenges
00:12:42 2.1 Urban slums
00:14:10 2.2 Violence against women
00:15:56 2.3 Public health
00:17:33 2.4 Water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH)
00:19:14 2.5 Energy
00:20:35 2.6 Pollution
00:20:43 2.6.1 Indoor air pollution
00:22:04 2.6.2 Water pollution
00:23:00 2.7 Global warming
00:26:53 2.8 Population growth
00:27:20 2.9 Others
00:28:27 3 Opportunities
00:28:52 4 Country lists
00:29:01 4.1 Developing countries according to International Monetary Fund
00:29:23 4.2 Countries and regions that are graduated developed economies
00:30:54 4.3 BRICS countries



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SUMMARY
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A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), or underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries. However, this definition is not universally agreed upon. There is also no clear agreement on which countries fit this category. A nation's GDP per capita compared with other nations can also be a reference point.
The term "developing" describes a currently observed situation and not a changing dynamic or expected direction of progress. Since the late 1990s, developing countries tended to demonstrate higher growth rates than developed countries. Developing countries include, in decreasing order of economic growth or size of the capital market: newly industrialized countries, emerging markets, frontier markets, least developed countries. Therefore, the least developed countries are the poorest of the developing countries.
Developing countries tend to have some characteristics in common. For example, with regards to health risks, they commonly have: low levels of access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene; energy poverty; high levels of pollution (e.g. air pollution, indoor air pollution, water pollution); high proportion of people with tropical and infectious diseases (neglected tropical diseases); high number of road traffic accidents. Often, there is also widespread poverty, low education levels, inadequate access to family planning services, corruption at all government levels and a lack of so-called good governance. Effects of global warming (climate change) are expected to impact developing countries more than wealthier countries, as most of them have a high "climate vulnerability".The Sustainable Development Goals, by the United Nations, were set up to help overcome many of these problems. Development aid or development cooperation is financial aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social and political development of developing countries.