4K Hohensalzburg Castle / Austria / First part

Описание: Hohensalzburg Castle
Location: https://www.google.com/search?client=...[[47.83962355859556,13.439968017969214],[47.65494313362898,12.705257324609839],null,[47.74736525706919,13.072612671289527]


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castelu...

Hohensalzburg Castle (German Festung Hohensalzburg, literally "Upper Salzburg Fortress") is a castle in the Austrian city of Salzburg, located on the Festungsberg mountain. Built by order of the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, it is one of the largest medieval castles in Europe, measuring 250 m in length and 150 m in width.
The construction of the fortress began in 1077, during the time of Archbishop Gebhard von Helfenstein. The original construction was a castle with a wooden wall. In the Holy Roman Empire, the archbishops of Salzburg were already powerful political figures and expanded the castle to protect their interests. Gebhard's conflict with Emperor Henry IV during the Investiture Controversy led to the expansion of the castle, with the archbishop siding with Pope Gregory VII and the German usurper Rudolf of Rheinfelden. The castle was gradually expanded over the following centuries. The defense walls and towers were built in 1462 during the reign of Prince-Archbishop Burkhard II von Weißpriach.
During his rule (1495-1519), Prince-Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach further expanded the castle. His co-adjutor Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg, who later succeeded Leonhard, wrote in 1515 a description of the Reisszug, an early and very primitive hearse that facilitated the access of goods to the upper castle yard. The line still exists, albeit in an improved form, and is probably the oldest operating railway in the world.

The only time the fortress was besieged was during the German Peasants' War of 1525, when a group of miners, farmers and townspeople tried to oust Prince-Archbishop Matthäus Lang, but failed to capture the castle. In 1612 the deposed archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau died in prison here. During the Thirty Years' War, Archbishop-Count Paris de Lodron strengthened the city's defenses, including Hohensalzburg. He added various annexes to the fortress, such as gunpowder stores and additional gatehouses. The fort surrendered without a fight to French troops under General Jean Victor Marie Moreau during the Napoleonic War of the Second Coalition in 1800, and the last prince-archbishop, Count Hieronymus von Colloredo fled to Vienna. In the 19th century it was used as a barracks, warehouse and dungeon before being abandoned as a military outpost in 1861
The fortress consists of several wings and an inner courtyard. The prince-bishop's apartments are in the so-called "Hoher Stock" (upper floor).
The Bull of Salzburg

The Kraut Tower (Krautturm) houses a large aerophone with over 200 pipes, which is called the "Salzburger Stier". This huge mechanical organ was built in 1502 by Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach. It was renewed by Rochus Egedacher in 1735.

From Palm Sunday until October 31st, the "Salzburg Bull" played every day at 7, 11 and 6 p.m. The aerophone thus began the song of the Residenzplatz carillon and ended it.

One of the most famous cabarets in Austria is named after him.
Archbishop of Salzburg Leonhard von Keutschach (1495-1519) built the chapel at a later time. A richly ornamented star vault decorates the ceiling of the chapel. The inside of the entrance door is covered with stucco. The painted frame features red columns on a tall plinth with gray capitals.
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