Municipal Waste Incineration Kiln Secondary Combustion Chamber | Complete Burn and Emission Control

Описание: https://cementl.com/ The secondary combustion chamber ensures full waste gas oxidation in municipal waste incineration plants, improving efficiency and reducing harmful emissions for clean energy generation.

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The secondary combustion chamber is positioned downstream of the primary incinerator or rotary kiln. Hot flue gases produced during initial waste combustion still contain combustible components such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds. When these gases enter the secondary chamber, additional combustion air—often pre-heated—is injected to create a turbulent and oxygen-rich environment. The temperature is maintained between 850 °C and 1100 °C for a residence time of at least two seconds, ensuring complete oxidation of all remaining gases. This process eliminates odorous substances and minimizes toxic by-products like dioxins and furans.

Design and Structure

A typical secondary combustion chamber is a refractory-lined steel shell designed to withstand continuous exposure to extremely high temperatures. The inner refractory material, usually high-alumina or silicon-carbide brick, provides excellent thermal insulation and corrosion resistance. The chamber shape—cylindrical or rectangular—is optimized to promote gas turbulence and mixing. Primary features include secondary air injection nozzles, burner systems for temperature control, and inspection ports for monitoring. Depending on the plant design, the chamber may operate under slight negative pressure to prevent backflow of gases into the feed section.

Temperature and Air Control

Maintaining correct temperature and airflow balance is crucial for the chamber’s performance. Automatic burners, fueled by natural gas or diesel, help maintain start-up and standby temperatures. Once sufficient heat is generated by waste combustion, the burners automatically reduce output to conserve energy. Oxygen sensors and thermocouples constantly monitor conditions, providing feedback to the plant’s control system. Uniform temperature distribution ensures all flue gases are exposed to sufficient oxidation time, preventing incomplete combustion and reducing the risk of secondary pollutants.

Environmental Significance

The secondary combustion chamber plays a key role in air-pollution control. Complete oxidation of carbonaceous gases dramatically reduces CO emissions, unburned hydrocarbons, and soot formation. High-temperature destruction of dioxin precursors and volatile organics ensures the plant meets EU and national environmental standards. The resulting clean gas stream then passes to the boiler section for energy recovery, where thermal energy is converted to steam or electricity in waste-to-energy systems.

Integration with the Overall System

In a municipal incineration plant, the SCC is located between the primary furnace and the heat recovery boiler. It connects directly to the flue-gas channel and may include gas-flow deflectors or baffles to extend residence time. The chamber works in coordination with the primary combustion air system, automatic control units, and stack monitoring equipment. Advanced plants integrate continuous emissions monitoring (CEMS) to provide real-time verification that combustion efficiency and pollutant levels remain within legal limits.

Material Selection and Construction

The outer shell of the chamber is typically made of carbon steel plate reinforced by stiffeners, while the inner refractory lining thickness ranges from 150 mm to 300 mm depending on design temperature. Insulating layers reduce heat loss, improving thermal efficiency and operator safety. Expansion joints and flexible connections accommodate thermal expansion and contraction during start-up and shutdown cycles. For long-term durability, the refractory surface is periodically inspected.

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