How a fire alarm system works (PART 2) - Loop - Esser devices

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In the previous video we have seen what is a fire and what are the elements that produce it.
In this video we will see how a fire alarm system works and we will explore its components and functionalities thanks to NECS technical support.
Today, NECS is a leading company in providing services for every special plants such as surveillance cameras, access controls and fire alarm systems. These services are all integrated into a BMS platform (Building Management System) which enables the companies to control all the systems inside a building.
The purpose of fire detection is therefore to allow early intervention, to have more possibilities to control the fire allowing the evacuation of people and the protection of material assets.
For the design, installation and operation of these fixed automatic fire detection and fire alarm systems, reference is made to UNI 9795:2013.
Let's see now an example of a fire detection and signaling system realized with ESSER devices.
ESSER is one of the most important realities in the field of fire detection and signaling whose strong point is represented by the technological innovation of its systems.
To understand the advantage in the use of these systems we discover the characteristics of devices that we can find in a loop.
The loop is a ring with which the physical connection of the elements installed in the structure with the control panel is established. The loop is able to control up to a maximum of 127 self- addressing elements.
The control panel is connected through the loop to the devices present in the structure. The ESSER control panels, which we can use are of two types:The IQ8 control panels, which are divided into two types:
Control C, used in medium size structures, with maximum 2 loops;
Control M, used instead for large structures, with a maximum of 7 loops.
FlesxEs control panels are used in more complex cases and can contain up to 18 loops. In the loop there are the different devices installed in the structure, among them:
1.The detectors that have been developed so that detection is fast and reliable, avoiding disturbances that can create false alarms.
The ESSER fire detectors are characterized by the fact that they are equipped with intelligence on board sensor, and for this reason they have been renamed with the acronym IQ8 where:
IQ means intelligent device, let’s see why:
a) the device consists of an internal microprocessor that allows discriminating an alarm scenario in a very short time;
b) because it is the device that makes the signal and communicates it to the control panel and not the control panel that interrogates the device;
c) because with the help of double or triple technology reduces the risk of false alarms.
The symbol 8 represents the infinity symbol positioned vertically to indicate the infinity of loops and addressability.
The detection takes place thanks to the use of the latest technology, able to detect smoke, heat and gas generated by combustion.
The heat detectors are distinguished in:
(a) thermal detectors that signal the exceeding of a set temperature threshold value;
(b) differential temperature detectors that signal the variation in temperature.

The optical smoke detector can be distinguished in:
(a) Optical detector with infrared light which detects the presence of visible aerosol particles generated by the fire penetrating into the optical chamber causing a proportional increase in the signal produced by the receiver diode;
(b) Dual angle optical detector which is also capable of detecting particle size within the optical chamber, so as to identify and filter out disturbances and distinguish false alarms;
(c) Optical blue light detector which, due to its shorter optical wavelength, detects the smallest particles. This sensor is as effective as the old ionic type detectors which are no longer on the market due to the presence of radioactive material inside the detector.


The gas detector generates the alarm when the concentration of one of the gases in the fire exceeds a set value.
As far as fire signalling is concerned, ESSER has developed the IQ8Quad detector with integrated alarm signaller, in which with a difference of only 5 mm it is possible to integrate optical/acoustic signallers into the detector that allow to signal the fire, not only by tone, but also by voice message.
Unlike the previous devices, these devices have all the functions integrated in a single sensor.