Fortezza di Verrucole ( Lucca )

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Musica : WONDERLAND by Therese Lefèbvre [Original Piano & Strings Composition] by ‪@ThereseLefebvreComposerPianist‬ .
IT - ulteriori informazioni nel sito ufficiale. https://www.fortezzaverrucolearcheopa...
La Fortezza delle Verrucole, fondata dalla famiglia Gherardinghi sopra un precedente insediamento umano, risale a un periodo compreso tra X° e XIII° secolo. I Gherardinghi costruirono una prima rocca e un palazzo pubblico per tenere sotto controllo il territorio. Le mire espansionistiche di Lucca verso nord diedero però a questi luoghi innumerevoli battaglie nel XII° e XIII° secolo. Probabilmente il momento più difficile fu alla fine del XII° secolo quando la famiglia Gherardinghi entrò nell'alleanza fra Pisa e i feudatari della Garfagnana e della Versilia contro la repubblica di Lucca, la quale reagì nel 1170 con una campagna militare di notevoli dimensioni. Questa comprese anche l'assedio alla "Verucola gherardenga", antico nome dell'attuale Fortezza delle Verrucole. Negli anni successivi i feudatari di Verrucole riuscirono a strappare ora al Sacro Romano Impero ora al Papa promesse d'indipendenza e autonomia, promesse che si concretizzano nella stesura di uno statuto comunale datato 1271.

EN - The Verrucole Fortress, founded by the Gherardinghi family over a previous human settlement, dates back to a period between the 10th and 13th centuries. The Gherardinghis built a first fortress and a public palace to keep the territory under control. However, Lucca's expansionist aims towards the north gave these places countless battles in the 12th and 13th centuries. Probably the most difficult moment was at the end of the 12th century when the Gherardinghi family entered into an alliance between Pisa and the feudal lords of Garfagnana and Versilia against the republic of Lucca, which reacted in 1170 with a large military campaign. This also included the siege of the "Verucola gherardenga", the ancient name of the current Verrucole Fortress. In the following years, the feudal lords of Verrucole managed to wring promises of independence and autonomy from the Holy Roman Empire, now from the Pope, promises that took shape in the drafting of a municipal statute dated 1271.In 1296, the Fortress passed into the hands of the Luccans who entrusted it to the Guidiccioni coterie. After the epic of the Lucchese leader Castruccio Castracani, the Fortress lost importance as a garrison in Lucca so that in 1328 Spinetta Malaspina, Ghibelline marquis and mercenary leader, was able to seize it and held it until 1345. The Verrucole Fortress was then abandoned until arrival of the Este dynasty. In 1429 a part of the Garfagnana in fact passed under the dominion of the d'Este family of Ferrara. The Fortress in its current features therefore dates back mainly to two Este periods: the era of the Marquis Leonello (about 1450) and of Alfonso II (about 1564). It was in this period that it was restored and transformed into a citadel consisting of two fortresses, one square and one circular, governed by two distinct castellans. Between 1522 and 1525 the poet Ludovico Ariosto had the position of commissioner of the Garfagnana and was responsible for reorganizing the military garrisons, including Verrucole. In the second half of the 16th century, Duke Alfonso I d'Este invited the architect Marc'Antonio Pasi to adapt the fortress to the new war requirements. The current polygonal fortress and ramparts were thus modified. In the mid-18th century, the fortress lost its original strategic-military function. Its structures were however maintained in efficiency by ducal engineers. Between the end of the 1700s and the beginning of the 19th century, under French domination, the garrison of Verrucole was auctioned off, but remained unsold. The entire complex was sold to private individuals in 1866. In 1986 the Municipality of San Romano in Garfagnana bought the fortress, starting the conservative and reconstructive restoration, which ended in 2012 with excellent success. Since 2013, the Fortress can be visited regularly thanks to the Fortezza Verrucole Archeopark project, conceived and created by the STUDIUM 1984 APS association.