KSG Podcast - India gets first non-GM rice varieties | Exam Oriented Edited Editorial

Описание: #upsc #freepodcast #podcastforupsc #dailypodcast #india #IndianAgriculturalResearchInstitute #iascoaching

Topic Covered -
The Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) has developed the country’s first-ever non-GM (genetically modified) herbicide-tolerant rice varieties
The varieties — Pusa Basmati 1979 and Pusa Basmati 1985 — contain a mutated acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene
The two new varieties were officially released by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 28 September 2021
Paddy transplantation is both labour and water-intensive
the plants are irrigated almost daily to maintain a water depth of 4-5 cm
Water is a natural herbicide that takes care of weeds in the paddy crop’s early-growth period
The new varieties simply replace water with Imazethapyr and there’s no need for nursery
The new basmati varieties contain an ALS gene whose DNA sequence has been altered using ethyl methanesulfonate
The plants can also now “tolerate” application of the herbicide, and hence it kills only the weeds

Time Code -
00:03 - Farmers in Punjab and Haryana are already adopting direct seeding of rice
00:40 - DSR cultivation is currently based on two herbicides, Pendimethalin (applied within 72 hours of sowing) and Bispyribac-sodium (after 18-20 days)
01:30 - Transplantation in paddy typically requires about 30 irrigations
01:59 - DSR is estimated to need 30 per cent less water
02:38 - The new varieties simply replace water with Imazethapyr and there’s no need for nursery
03:00 - The new basmati varieties contain an ALS gene whose DNA sequence has been altered using ethyl methanesulfonate
03:46 - DSR’s success hinges on an effective herbicide solution — like breeding Imazethapyr-tolerant varieties
04:10 - Even in the herbicide-tolerant rice, the chemical will target only the weeds
05:08 - This is herbicide-tolerance through mutation breeding, not GM. There isn’t any foreign gene here

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