Child As A Problem Solver and A Scientific Investigator CTET CDP 19 English

Описание: 00:00 Child As A Problem Solver and A Scientific Investigator

00:22 Important Topics

Problems & Types of Problems
Problem-based Learning
The Steps in Problem Solving
Problem Solving Strategies
Gestalt Approach
Scientific Method
Graham Wallas Creative Problem Solving
Classroom Strategies
Developing Problem Solving Skills and Importance
Problem Solver & Scientific Investigator
Essential traits to be encouraged

01:25 What are Problems

02:47 Types of Problems

ill Structured - Not Clearly defined
well structured - Clearly defined

03:42 Problem Based Learning

Students learn by working in groups to solve an open-ended problem
Constructivist & Learner Centric Approach
The problem drives the motivation & the learning

Students can Learn
Working in teams
Leadership skills
Oral & written communication
Self-awareness
Critical thinking & analysis
Explaining concepts
Applying theories to real-world examples
Researching ability

Traditional Approach - Teacher Tells What Students Need to Know - Students Understand it or Memorize it - Students Solve Examples to use it

Problem Based Learning - Problem is Assigned to the Students - Students figure out what they need to know - Students apply their knowledge & solve it

06:56 Approaches & models in Problem Solving

07:39 Steps in Problem Solving

Steps - Example
Identify Problem - Not able to call from my mobile
Analyze Problem - Network, Phone, SIM issue
Hypothesize Solutions - Go outside for signal, Restart Phone, Reinsert SIM
Evaluate Solutions - Start with easiest solution first
Execute Selected Solution - Restart phone
Evaluate Outcomes - Able to call or not
Learn & Develop - Build on Solution or Go back to Analysis mode

09:01 Problem Solving Strategies

Use a Rule or Formula
Guess & Check - Trail & Error
Make a table or list
Create a Diagram, Chart or Model
Act out the problem
Find a pattern
Identify relevant & irrelevant information
Break down problem into smaller parts
Use Logic & Reasoning
Solve a simpler problem
Work backwards

11:05 Gestalt Approach

Reproductive Thinking - Reusing Previous Experience

Productive Thinking - New approach by Restructuring the problem

12:28 Algorithmic & Heuristic Problem Solving

Algorithmic
Series of Steps
Predictable Outcome

Heuristic
Educated Guess
Guide for future situations

13:48 Scientific Method

Ask a question - Why is the Torch not working
Do Background Research - Reasons - Batteries, Bulb, Switch
Construct a Hypothesis - Batteries need to be changed
Test Hypothesis - Change batteries
Did Hypothesis work? - Does the Torch Work now
Yes - Draw conclusions & communicate results
No - Construct a new Hypothesis - Perhaps the Bulb is fused

15:34 Graham Wallas

British Social psychologist, Educationalist
Co-founder London School of Economics
Proponent of Nurture over Nature theory
Proposed one of the first complete models of the creative process

16:19 Creative Problem Solving

Preparation - Incubation - Illumination - Verification - Elaboration

18:03 Strategies for Teaching Problem Solving

Use any specific problem-solving method
Teach within a specific context
Give enough time for all
Ask questions, make suggestions
Link errors to misconceptions
Reinforce learnings

19:55 Importance of Problem Solving

Academic Performance
Better Social Skills
Happier Outlook
Self Confidence & Recognition
Life Readiness

20:48 Training Children As Problem Solvers

anticipate problems in life
deal with unexpected situations
take rational decisions
lead others when required

21:31 Training Children As Scientific Investigators

Develop Reasoning Abilities & Logical Approach
Foundational Skills for STEM learning

22:19 Essential traits to be encouraged

Develop Language Skills
Encourage Curiosity & Scientific thought
Reward Effort & Process
Help Develop Focus & Persistence
Imagination & Divergent views
Allow Children to Question Status Quo
Scaffolding wherever required

24:02 Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method of problem-solving

Formation of hypothesis
Verification of hypothesis
Problem awareness
Collection of relevant information

24:43 If a teacher wants her students to acquire problem-solving skills, the students should be engaged in activities that involve

recall, memorization & comprehension
structured worksheets containing multiple-choice questions
drill & practice
inquiring, reasoning & decision making

25:56 Which of the following statements about children are correct. Children are

passive recipients of knowledge
problem-solvers
scientific investigators
active explorers of the environment

26:49 Which of the following does not deter problem-solving

Insight
Mental sets
Entrenchment
Fixation

28:43 To enable students to think independently & become effective learners, it is important for a teacher to

teach students how to monitor their own learning
offer rewards for each success achieved by the students
give information in small units or chunks
present information in an organized manner