SOIL TEXTURE - Particle Size Distribution of soil part- 3 (Hindi/English) Agricultural Field Officer

Описание: SOIL TEXTURE - Particle Size Distribution of soil
RELATIVE PROPORTIONS OF SAND SILT AND CLAY
Important for determining suitability for various uses
Considered a basic property because it doesn’t change

Properties Related to Texture
Porosity
Permeability
Infiltration
Shrink-swell
Water holding Capacity
Erodibility

Most soils have a combination of soil particles sizes  
Sand
Silt
Clay

Soils vary in the size of the particles they contain, the amount of space between these particles, and how rapidly water flows through them.
Sand
Gritty feel
Can be seen with the naked eye
Hand sampling:
No residue left on hand

Silt
Dry: Powdery smooth feel, flour-like
Wet: Creamy slick, slippery feel
No sticky or plastic feel
Can be seen with a hand lens or microscope
Hand sampling:
Coats hand, able to brush off

Clay
Dry: Hard feel
Wet: Sticky, plastic feel
Can be seen with an electron microscope
Hand Sampling:
Sticks to fingers

Particle Sizes
Clay: less than 0.002 mm
Silt: 0.002-0.05 mm
Sand: 0.05-2 mm
0.05-0.24 mm fine
0.25-0.49 mm medium
0.5-0.99 mm coarse
1- 2 mm very coarse
Gravels: 2-75 mm
Cobbles:75-250 mm
Stones: 250-600 mm
Boulders: greater than 600 mm

Fine Textured Soil
Large amounts of silt and clay, making it "muddy" when wet 
Pore spaces are small, but numerous and hold more water
As clay soils begin to dry, they may still hold large quantities of water, but adhesive and cohesive properties of water make it unavailable for root uptake

Coarse Textured Soil
Large pore spaces and allows water to easily run through it beyond the reach of roots
Drought-prone
Little surface area for the particle volume, reducing fertility

A mix of sand, silt, and clay that optimizes agricultural productivity
Loamy Soil

Soil Texture and Surface Area
As particle size decreases, surface area increases
Clay has about 10,000 times as much surface area as sand
Surface area has a big effect on:
Water holding capacity
Chemical reactions
Soil cohesion
Ability to support microorganisms

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