The Iconologycal method | Erwin Panofsky | the 3 levels of art analysis | Citaliarestauro.com

Описание: In 1939, Panofsky presents his iconological method of analysis of art. Learn more about the 3 levels of analysis in this tutorial | Citaliarestauro.com.
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In 1939, Erwin Panofsky presents his iconological method of analysis of art. For him, the analysis could not merely depend upon literary sources, which after all, are not always available. He goes on to investigate the way in which, according to the different historical conditions to which the artist is subjected, themes, subjects or facts are chosen to be represented. I.e., he defends the study of meanings.
Panofsky gave this example:
A man raises his hat. In iconographic terms, we basically see is the action in which a man takes his hat off his head. However, analysing it under an iconological point of view, there is a meaning to the gesture. If we assume that we have two people involved (the one who sees the action and the one who acts it) who are familiar to the western culture, they will know that it is a gesture of friendliness and respect. However, reaching this level of understanding depends on a prior knowledge of the social values that involve this same gesture.
And so Panofsky identifies the three levels of understanding that we have already seen:
The primary or natural,
The secondary or conventional,
The tertiary or intrinsic.
Using as an example Da Vinci’s «Last Supper», let’s look again at each one of these stages of iconography and iconology in art analysis.
The primary level
The primary level should correspond to the most basic level of understanding, i.e. the natural perception of the work. So, in this painting, what we identify are 13 men at the table during supper time. In this first level, we don’t use knowledge or in-depth cultural domains to understand the message.
The second level
The second level of understanding requires a certain iconographic knowledge, to the extent that this is the interpretation of the message and its meaning. Thus, any individual who has had an education of western culture and/or Christianity will be able to identify the scene as the Last Supper that Jesus had with his Apostles.
The third and final level
For the third and final level of interpretation, the observer not only receives and interprets the message contained within the representation, but also seeks to interpret it under an historical point of view, looking for social and cultural interrelations that might broaden the meaning.
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ART IS ONE OF THE OLDEST MANIFESTATIONS OF HUMAN CREATIVITY.
“The work makes public knowledge of something else, it reveals something else to us; it is allegory. The fabricated thing still meets in the work of art, something of another. (…) The work is a symbol. ”
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