Is Fiber An Unsung Longevity Agent?

Описание: Association of dietary fiber intake with all-cause and cardiovascular
mortality in US adults with metabolic syndrome: NHANES 1999–2018

PMID: 41019547

Metabolic syndrome, aka MetS (a disease cluster characterized by abdominal obesity, hypertension, and abnormal blood lipids/glucose), affects nearly 33% of US adults and increases the risk of CVD and diabetes. MetS confers a 24% increased risk of all-cause mortality and 44% increased risk of heart disease mortality. Fiber intake is associated with improved cardiometabolic health (blood lipids/pressure/glucose & body weight). 95% of Americans (with an average intake of around 15g/day) do not meet the recommended dietary fiber intake (14g/1000 calories, or roughly 25g/day for women and 38g/day for men).

Nearly 11k participants with MetS were included in the study with a mean follow-up of 8.5 years (max 18 years). In the fully adjusted model, each 5g/day increase in fiber intake was associated with a 7% lower risk of all-cause mortality and a 10% lower risk of cardiovascular mortality.

When broken down into tertiles of less than 10g/day, 10-20g/day, and more than 20g per day, there was a 20% reduction in all-cause mortality between the high and low fiber intake groups. For CVD mortality, the high group had a 39% lower mortality rate than the low group. For non-CVD mortality, the high-fiber intake group had a 15% lower risk than the low-fiber intake group. There also seemed to be a plateau effect at around 22g/day of fiber intake in this study population; however, this should be interpreted with caution, as only 5% of the population achieved fiber intake of 25-30g/day.

These findings are in line with previous studies, including a recent meta-analysis of 64 prospective studies, which showed a 10% reduction in all-cause mortality per 10g/day increase in fiber intake. Also, the findings persisted in a sensitivity analysis adjusted for total flavanones and flavone intake, suggesting the observed effects are not fully explained by increased intake of these beneficial phytochemicals.

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