Abdominal Aorta | Gross Anatomy for USMLE Step 1 | Origin, Course & Branches : Dr G Bhanu Prakash

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Abdominal Aorta | Gross Anatomy for USMLE Step 1 | Origin, Course & Branches : Dr G Bhanu Prakash

In this high-yield anatomy lecture, we explore the abdominal aorta, one of the most important vessels in the human body and a frequently tested structure in USMLE Step 1. The abdominal aorta supplies the abdominal organs, pelvis, and lower limbs, making its origin, course, and branches essential to understand for both exams and clinical medicine.

We begin with the origin of the abdominal aorta as a continuation of the thoracic aorta at the level of the T12 vertebra, just after it passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. From there, we trace its course down the retroperitoneum, lying slightly to the left of the midline, anterior to the vertebral column, until it bifurcates at the level of L4 into the right and left common iliac arteries.

The lecture highlights the major branches of the abdominal aorta. Unpaired visceral branches include the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery, which supply the foregut, midgut, and hindgut respectively. Paired visceral branches include the renal and gonadal arteries, while paired parietal branches include the inferior phrenic, lumbar, and median sacral arteries. Clinical emphasis is placed on aneurysms, dissections, and the significance of collateral circulation in cases of occlusion.

By integrating gross anatomy with clinical correlations, this lecture prepares medical students and residents for Step 1-style exam questions and provides a strong foundation for surgical and radiological practice in U.S. and Western healthcare systems.


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