Pure Culture Techniques

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Pure culture, in microbiology, a laboratory culture containing a single species of organism. A pure culture is usually derived from a mixed culture (one containing many species) by transferring a small sample into new, sterile growth medium in such a manner as to disperse the individual cells across the medium surface or by thinning the sample manyfold before inoculating the new medium. Both methods separate the individual cells so that, when they multiply, each will form a discrete colony, which may then be used to inoculate more medium, with the assurance that only one type of organism will be present. Isolation of a pure culture may be enhanced by providing a mixed inoculum with a medium favouring the growth of one organism to the exclusion of others.

Important methods-

(1) Streak plate technique- Streak plate technique is used to grow bacteria on a growth media surface so that individual bacterial colonies are isolated and sampled. Samples can then be taken from the resulting isolated colonies and a microbiological culture can be grown on a new plate so that the organism can be identified, studied, or tested.

(2) Pour Plate Method - The pour-plate technique requires a serial dilution of the mixed culture by means of a loop or pipette. Molten agar cooled to 45°C, is poured into a Petri dish containing a specified amount of the diluted sample.

(3) Spread Plate Method - Spread plate technique is a method employed to plate a liquid sample for the purpose of isolating or counting the bacteria present in that sample. A perfect spread plate technique will results visible and isolated colonies of bacteria that are evenly distributed in the plate and are countable.

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