Right to Education (Article 21A) Explained | RTE Act 2009 | Free & Compulsory Education

Описание: 📘 Right to Education (Article 21A) – Complete Lecture
Free & Compulsory Education for Children 6–14 Years | RTE Act 2009 | Constitutional Law

In this video, we explain Article 21A – Right to Education, a fundamental right inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment (2002).
This lecture covers definition, concept, legal framework, case laws, tables, and exam-oriented notes based on the Telangana / Osmania University 3-Year LLB syllabus.

📌 Topics Covered in This Video
1️⃣ Definition / Concept

✔ Education as a Fundamental Right
✔ Free & compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years
✔ State’s duty to provide education of specified standards

2️⃣ Key Features of Article 21A

Beneficiaries → Children 6–14

Free Education → No financial burden on children

Compulsory → Duty on State + parents

Quality Standards → As per law

Supported by:

Article 45 (Early childhood care for children below 6)

RTE Act, 2009 (Implementation law)

📘 Relevant Legal Provisions

Article 21A – Free & Compulsory Education (6–14 years)

Article 45 – Early childhood care and education

RTE Act, 2009 – Operational framework, duties, norms & standards

⭐ Important Case Laws on Right to Education

Although Article 21A was inserted later, courts recognized education as a right before 21A through Article 21:

1️⃣ Mohini Jain v. State of Karnataka (1992)

Held that the Right to Education is a part of Right to Life (Art. 21).

2️⃣ Unnikrishnan J.P. v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1993)

Supreme Court clarified that:

Children up to 14 years have a fundamental right to free education.

Education beyond 14 → subject to economic capacity of the State.
This paved the way for Article 21A.

3️⃣ Pramati Educational Society v. Union of India (2014)

Upheld the constitutionality of the RTE Act and exemptions for minority institutions.

+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Before Article 21A | After Article 21A |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| Education = Directive | Education (6–14 yrs) = Fundamental Right|
| Principle (non-enforceable) | Enforceable duty on State |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| No clear statutory duty | Free & compulsory education mandated |
+------------------------------+------------------------------------------+


Article 21 → Right to Life
↓
Includes Right to Live with Dignity
↓
Education essential for dignity
↓
Article 21A
↓
State must provide free & compulsory education (6–14)



📝 Final Exam Notes
Article 21A applies to children aged 6–14 years.

It makes education both free and compulsory.

Implemented through the RTE Act, 2009.

Completes human development vision under Article 21.

🎯 Who Should Watch This Video?
LLB (3-year & 5-year) students

Aspirants of TS LAWCET / CLAT / Judiciary