Every Fusion Reactor Type Explained: Tokamak, Stellarator, ITER & Inertial Confinement Fusion

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In 2022, for the first time in history, a fusion reactor produced more energy than the lasers that triggered it. But the NIF wasn't the only approach — there are 15 fundamentally different fusion reactor designs, each betting on different physics to solve the hardest engineering challenge on Earth: confining plasma 10 times hotter than the surface of the sun.

Types covered in this video:
• Magnetic Mirror
• Tokamak (the design behind ITER)
• Spherical Tokamak (Commonwealth Fusion SPARC, Tokamak Energy ST40)
• Stellarator (Wendelstein 7-X, Germany)
• Field-Reversed Configuration (TAE Technologies, Helion Energy)
• Spheromak
• Magnetized Target Fusion (General Fusion)
• Inertial Confinement Fusion (NIF — first net energy gain 2022)
• Fast Ignition
• Heavy-Ion Inertial Fusion
• Z-Pinch (Zap Energy)
• Dense Plasma Focus
• Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (Farnsworth–Hirsch Fusor)
• Muon-Catalyzed Fusion
• Aneutronic Proton-Boron Fusion

FeynBox breaks down all 15 designs: how each confines plasma, why the approaches differ fundamentally, which have produced net energy, and which private companies are currently betting billions on which concept.

From ITER's €20 billion tokamak to Wendelstein 7-X's twisted stellarator geometry. From NIF's laser-driven ignition to Zap Energy's shear-stabilised Z-pinch. From Helion's field-reversed configuration to the century-old fusor design still built in garages today. If you're following the fusion race — ITER, Commonwealth Fusion, Helion, TAE Technologies, General Fusion, or Zap Energy — this covers every approach they're using and why.

#NuclearFusion #FusionEnergy #ITER #Tokamak #Stellarator

Chapters
0:00 Introduction
0:38 Magnetic Mirror
1:15 Tokamak
1:51 Spherical Tokamak
2:32 Stellarator
3:12 Field-Reversed Configuration
3:49 Spheromak
4:32 Magnetized Target Fusion
5:11 Inertial Confinement Fusion
5:45 Fast Ignition
6:27 Heavy-Ion Inertial Fusion
7:09 Z-Pinch
7:48 Dense Plasma Focus
8:29 Inertial Electrostatic Confinement
9:11 Muon-Catalyzed Fusion
9:52 Aneutronic Proton-Boron Fusion