Two Minutes of Anatomy: Spinal Nerves

Описание: Spinal Nerves
Spinal nerves carry somatosensory information into and motor instructions out of the spinal cord.
Spinal Nerves arise from the spinal cord as nerve roots and merge to form a plexus (web or network) of interconnected nerve roots and once again branch to form nerve fibers.
The formation of nerve plexuses rather than a direct continuation of the nerve roots to peripheral nerves serves as an essential safety measure so that injury at one site or body region may not affect the vital functions of our body.
The spinal nerves help to control function and movement for the body.
Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves exist. These include 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal.
Their names match the adjacent spinal vertebra from which they exit. In the cervical region, the nerve root exits above the corresponding vertebrae (the nerve root between the skull and C1 vertebrae is the C1 spinal nerve). In the thoracic to the coccygeal region, the spinal nerve root originates below the corresponding vertebrae. The reason for this difference is due to the naming and location of the spinal root between C7 and T1 vertebrae (C8 spinal nerve root).

In the lumbar region, the spinal cord ends at L1 from the region named conus medullaris, but the spinal nerve roots travel within the dural sac below the L2 level, this region is known as the cauda equina.


Cranial Nerves – Twelve cranial nerves.
Cranial nerves are responsible for carrying information in and out of the brain
Ten of the cranial nerves originate from the brain stem and mainly control the voluntary movement and structures of the head.
The nucleus of the olfactory and optic nerve are located in the forebrain and thalamus, respectively, and are not considered true cranial nerves.
The others originate from the brainstem include oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal.
Cranial Nerve I (olfactory) Purely afferent
Cranial Nerve II (optic) Purely afferent
Cranial Nerve III (oculomotor) Purely efferent
Cranial Nerve IV (trochlear) Purely efferent
Cranial Nerve V (trigeminal) Functionally mixed (Sensory and motor)
Cranial Nerve VI (abducens) Purely efferent
Cranial Nerve VII (facial) Functionally mixed (Sensory and motor)
Cranial Nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear) Purely afferent
Cranial Nerve IX (glossopharyngeal) Functionally mixed (Sensory and motor)
Cranial Nerve X (vagus) Functionally mixed (Sensory and motor)
Cranial nerve XI (Spinal accessory or Accessory Nerve) Purely efferent. Innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
Cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal) Purely efferent




References
Neuroanatomy, Somatic Nervous System
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...

Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...



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Dr Donald A Ozello DC of Championship Chiropractic in Las Vegas, NV
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