For The Sultan of Syria and Egypt Alzahir Baybars

Описание: l-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari (Arabic:‎, al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī) (1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), of Turkic Kipchak origin, commonly known as Baibars (Arabic: بيبرس‎, Baybars) – nicknamed Abu al-Futuh English: Father of Conquest, referring to his victories) — was the fourth sultan of Egypt in the Mamluk Bahri dynasty, succeeding Qutuz. He was one of the commanders of the Egyptian forces that inflicted a defeat on the Seventh Crusade of King Louis IX of France. He also led the vanguard of the Egyptian army at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260,[1] which marked the first substantial defeat of the Mongol army and is considered a turning point in history.[2]

The reign of Baibars marked the start of an age of Mamluk dominance in the Eastern Mediterranean and solidified the durability of their military system. He managed to pave the way for the end of the Crusader presence in the Levant and reinforced the union of Egypt and Syria as the region's pre-eminent Muslim state, able to fend off threats from both Crusaders and Mongols, and even managed to subdue the kingdom of Makuria, which was famous for being unconquerable by previous Muslim empire invasion attempts. As sultan, Baibars also engaged in a combination of diplomacy and military action, allowing the Mamluks of Egypt to greatly expand their empire

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Sultan of Egypt and Syria
Reign 24 October 1260 – 1 July 1277
Coronation 1260 at Salihiyah
Predecessor Saif ad-Din Qutuz
Successor Al-Said Barakah
Born 19 July 1223
Cumania
Died 1 July 1277 (aged 54)
Damascus, Mamluk Sultanate
Issue al-Said Barakah
Solamish
Full name
al-Malik al-Zahir Rukn al-Din Baibars al-Bunduqdari Abu al-Futuh
House Zahiri
Dynasty Bahri
Religion Sunni Islam