Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism

Описание: Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism

Dr. DeBacco

Three Main Types of Magnetic Behavior
Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
Ferromagnetism
Strength: Ferromagnetism greater than Paramagnetism greater than Diamagnetism.

Diamagnetism
A weak repulsion from a magnetic field, caused by paired electrons whose magnetic fields cancel each other out.
Full sub-levels or outer levels (all electrons paired)

Magnetic Behavior:
Slightly repelled by a magnetic field.
Temporary effect that disappears when the field is removed.

Diamagnetism
Diamagnetic: Most stable due to paired electrons (full outer level or sub-level), minimizing reactivity and magnetic response.

Examples:
Copper (Cu)
Gold (Au)
Helium (He)
Zinc (Zn)
Bismuth (Bi)
Water (H₂O), bismuth (Bi)
Even living tissues like frogs
Paramagnetism
A weak attraction to a magnetic field, caused by unpaired electrons that create a net magnetic moment.
Half-full or partially filled sub-levels (unpaired electrons)

Magnetic Behavior:
Attracted to a magnetic field.
Temporary, loses magnetism when the field is removed.
Strength depends on temperature

Paramagnetism
Paramagnetic: Less stable, often reactive due to unpaired electrons (half-full or no special arrangement)

Examples:
Oxygen (O₂)
Lithium (Li)
Aluminum (Al)
Manganese (Mn)
Platinum (Pt)
Uranium (U)

Ferromagnetism
A strong attraction to a magnetic field, caused by unpaired electrons and magnetic domain alignment.
Unpaired electrons in d/f sub-levels with specific lattice structures.

Magnetic Behavior:
Strongly attracted to a magnetic field.
Permanent magnetism- retains magnetization even after the field is removed.
Ferromagnetism
Ferromagnetic: Least stable chemically (reactive due to unpaired d electrons), but magnetically stable due to domain alignment.

Examples:
Iron (Fe)
Cobalt (Co)
Nickel (Ni)
Summary Table


Link to Lecture Slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cF15...

*Due to the description character limit the full work cited for "Diamagnetism Paramagnetism Ferromagnetism" can be viewed at... https://docs.google.com/document/d/14...