Principles and Uses of Epidemiology||Swasthwrit||BAMS||Paper2||

Описание: 2. Pathogenesis Phase:

Begins with the initial interaction between the agent and host, leading to disease development.

This phase is divided into:

Incubation/Latent Period:

No visible symptoms; the agent multiplies in the host.

Prodromal Period: Early, nonspecific symptoms may appear.

Clinical Stage: Full blown symptoms manifest.

3. Outcomes:

Recovery: Restoration of health.

Chronicity: Disease becomes long term or persistent.

Disability: Permanent impairment.

Death: Severe progression leading to fatality.

11.6 Concept of Prevention, Modes ofReducing Susceptibility:

Vaccination programs to boost immunity.

Nutritional support to enhance resistance.

3. Eliminating Agents or Vectors:

Use of antibiotics, antivirals, or antipara-sitic drugs.

Vector control measures (e.g., insecticide sprays, mosquito nets).

4. Public Awareness:

Educating populations on preventing transmission (e.g., safe practices, vaccinations).

11.5 Theory of Disease Causation Epidemiological Triad and Natural History of Disease

The Epidemiological Triad is a model that explains the causation of diseases by considering the interaction between three major components:

Agent:

The biological, physical, chemical, or other factors that cause disease.

Examples include bacteria, viruses, toxins, radiation, and allergens.CONTROL MEASURES

1. Interrupting Transmission:

Isolation and quarantine of infected individuals.

Promoting hygiene (e.g., handwashing, use of masks).

Environmental sanitation (e.g., safe water, waste disposal).

2. Reducing Susceptibility:

Vaccination programs to boost immunity.

Nutritional support to enhance resistance.

3. Eliminating Agents or Vectors:

Use of antibiotics, antivirals, or antipara-sitic drugs.

Vector control measures (e.g., insecticide sprays, mosquito nets).

4. Public Awareness:

Educating populations on preventing transmission (e.g., safe practices11.3 Principles and Uses of Epidemiology

PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

1. Study of Disease Distribution: Epidemiology examines the frequency, patterns, and trends of diseases in specific populations.

2. Determinants of Health and Disease: Identifies risk factors (biological, behavioural, environmental) and protective factors affecting health.

3. Population Focus: Focuses on groups or popu-lations, rather than individual patients, to understand disease dynamics.

4. Causation and Association: Determines causal relationships or associations between exposures (e.g., smoking) and outcomes (e.g., lung cancer).

5. Application to Public Health: Translates findings into actionable strategies to prevent, control, or manage diseases.

USES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY

1. Disease Surveillance: Monitoring