［故宮旅遊］(2024), 故宮中和殿的功能 \ 故宮保和殿的作用 \ 故宮保和殿的殿試 \ 中和殿是皇帝的準備室 \ 康熙在故宮保和殿的激勵

Описание: 故宮中和殿看起來不大，卻是太和殿重要的輔助性建築物，它不但類似於現代的貴賓室，也是皇帝在進行各種祭祀前的準備室，對於皇帝是人民和天溝通的這個角色，意義頗為重要。另外在雲台之上還有一個保和殿，它是一個多功能性質的宮殿，除了具有宴客功能之外，也負有舉辦國家考試的責任。

The Hall of Central Harmony in the Forbidden City may not look big, but it is an important auxiliary building of the Hall of Supreme Harmony. It is not only similar to a modern VIP room, but also a preparation room for the emperor before performing various sacrifices. For the emperor, it was the communication between the people and heaven. This role is of great significance. In addition, there is a Baohe Hall on the Yuntai. It is a multi-functional palace. In addition to hosting banquets, it is also responsible for holding national examinations.

北京故宫前朝地区的云台上，除了壮观的太和殿之外，在它后面还有一个中和殿，它之所以看起来不大，一方面是因为处于在露台的中间〝土〞字的腰身上，能利用的空间本来就不大，二方面是为了视觉平衡，让「太和殿」和「保和殿」凸显得更壮丽。

在故宫的建筑物命名中，有〝殿〞这个字的大都与公务有关，「中和殿」的作用也是如此。实际上它可以视为「太和殿」的附属建物，像是现代正式场合旁的贵宾室一样。例如在使用「太和殿」时，皇帝就会先在「中和殿」中休息，等待前面就定位，然后才正式进入「太和殿」中。还有在各种祭祀前，皇帝也会事先在「中和殿」内准备，所以「中和殿」在功能上是皇帝的准备室。

「保和殿」是云台上最后一个大型的建筑物，它的两侧宫门，名字叫「左后门」和「右后门」。这两个宫门的主要作用，除了是为了衬托出「保和殿」的宏伟外，也是一个标志，表示臣子在紫禁城内的活动到此为止。在明代时，有个皇帝召见臣子的一种制度，叫做〝平台召对〞，就在这两个宫门中进行(有时也在「保和殿」前的空地进行) 。能够获得〝平台召对〞的臣子，一定是在某方面有过很杰出的表现，在明200多年的时间中，仅有十几位臣子有过这样的待遇，所以被视为一种荣耀！

「保和殿」在明代似乎没什么特殊用途，只有在举行大典前，皇帝在里面换衣服而己。初清时期，由于后宫的三大殿有些残破，所以顺治、康熙时曾经把「保和殿」当成寝宫。顺治还在「保和殿」中，举办过他的第一次大婚。康熙居住在宫中时，曾经悬挂「三藩」、「河务」(黄河问题)、「漕运」(水运粮食问题)三幅字帖，日夜警惕奋斗的方向。直到乾隆五十四时，「保和殿」才有正式的工作，举办〝殿试〞的固定场所。

〝殿试〞是属于国家级的考试，从唐高宗(659AD) 开始，一直到光绪三十年(1904AD) 为止。读书人的最高梦想，就是能到「保和殿」中考试，得到〝天子门生〞的称号！但要到这里之前，有太多的其它考试挡在前面了，而且不是每一年都考，某些高阶考试，只要错过一次，就要等上三年才能再考！像道光年间，有个广东三水乡的陆云从，102岁了还在考…更不用说七、八十岁仍徘徊其中的大有人在！当然也有16岁就完成〝殿试〞的天才，像康熙年间的李孚青就是这样的人物。

On the cloud platform in front of the Forbidden City in Beijing, in addition to the spectacular Hall of Supreme Harmony, there is also the Hall of Zhonghe behind it. The reason why it does not look big is, on the one hand, because it is in the middle of the terrace with the word "earth". There is not much space available on the waist. The second aspect is for visual balance to make the "Taihe Hall" and "Baohe Hall" stand out more magnificently.

Among the names of buildings in the Forbidden City, those with the word "dian" are mostly related to official affairs, and the same is true for the role of "Zhonghe Hall". In fact, it can be regarded as an ancillary building of the "Taihe Hall", like a VIP room next to modern formal occasions. For example, when using the "Taihe Hall", the emperor would first rest in the "Zhonghe Hall" and wait for his position before officially entering the "Taihe Hall". In addition, before various sacrifices, the emperor would prepare in advance in the "Zhonghe Hall", so the "Zhonghe Hall" was functionally the emperor's preparation room.

The "Baohe Hall" seemed to have no special purpose in the Ming Dynasty. It was only used by the emperor to change clothes before holding grand ceremonies. In the early Qing Dynasty, because the three main halls of the harem were somewhat dilapidated, the "Baohe Hall" was used as a dormitory during the Shunzhi and Kangxi periods. Shunzhi also held his first wedding in the "Baohe Hall". When Kangxi lived in the palace, he once hung three copybooks of "San Francisco", "River Affairs" (problems on the Yellow River), and "Wayun" (problems of water transportation of food) to alert him to the direction of struggle day and night. It wasn't until the 54th year of Qianlong's reign that the "Baohe Hall" had formal work and became a fixed place for holding the "Palace Examination".

The "Palace Examination" is a national-level examination that started from Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (659AD) and lasted until the 30th year of Guangxu Period (1904AD). The highest dream of a scholar is to take the exam at the "Baohe Hall" and get the title of "Disciple of the Emperor"! But before we get here, there are too many other exams standing in the way, and they are not taken every year. If you miss some high-level exams once, you will have to wait three years before taking them again! For example, during the Daoguang period, there was Lu Yuncong from Sanshui Township, Guangdong, who was still taking the exam at the age of 102...not to mention there were many people who were still lingering in the exam at the age of seventy or eighty! Of course, there are also geniuses who completed the "palace examination" at the age of 16, such as Li Fuqing during the Kangxi period.

#旅遊 #歷史 #典故 #北京故宮 #中和殿 #保和殿

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