藝文.逸志- 河北之旅18: 正定古城天寧寺塔Art.Culture - Hebei Tour 18: Tianning Temple Pagoda in Zhengding Ancient City

Описание: 我們遊覽隆興寺後，便來到正定四塔之一的天寧寺遊覽。天寧寺創建於唐懿宗咸通初年，至民國初年，寺內殿宇盡毀，主要建築僅存凌霄塔。

凌霄塔位於河北省正定縣老城內大眾街北側原天寧寺內，共九層，高42米，原名「慧光塔」，因為塔身全為木結構，當地人又俗稱「木塔」，是現存為數甚少的木塔之一。塔呈八角形，是一座下磚上木、磚木混合的樓閣式塔，一至四層為磚砌結構，五層以上全部為木構建築。在中國現存的半木結構的古塔，只有河北正定和甘肅張掖兩處，而凌霄塔的始建時間又早很多。

凌霄塔的地基是用素黃土夯築的，這是一種唐代的建築工藝。凌霄塔塔身第四層中心，豎立着一根由九條圓木捆綁在一起、直通塔頂的巨大束柱，它被稱為塔心柱，塔心柱式曾是唐代以前建塔的主要樣式。建築學家羅哲文先生在《中國古塔》一書中說，這種結構為中國現存建築學上的孤例。北宋時凌霄塔中心柱朽壞，懷丙和尚經過仔細觀察研究，精心測量計算後，製作了一截替換的木柱，成功的將朽木換掉。凌霄塔在千百年間經過損毀和重修多次。現在塔身的一至四層是宋代在唐塔殘址上重修的，以上各層為金代所建。雖然是一塔三樣，但每次重修都沒有推倒重來過。

1966年，河北邢臺市發生大地震，凌霄塔七層以上損毀嚴重。1981年，河北省文物部門決定對凌霄塔重修。在重修前對凌霄塔進行了全面的文物勘察。1982年2月，在塔基下發現地宮。在凌霄塔深埋地下的地宮中，發現了一個半圓石函，半圓石函上放置着一個長方形小石函。打開半圓石函，其內部還放着一個斗狀的石函。斗狀石函上刻有「唐代宗朝建塔」的銘文。根據出土的石函銘文記載，凌宵塔始建於唐朝肅宗至德元年（756年）至代宗大曆十四年間（779年），於北宋慶曆五年（1045年）重修，金皇統元年（1141年）重建。

來源: 維基百科

After visiting Longxing Temple, we went to visit Tianning Temple, one of the four pagodas of Zhengding. Tianning Temple was founded in the early years of the Xiantong era of Emperor Yizong of Tang. By the early years of the Republic of China, all the temple buildings had been destroyed, and only the Lingxiao Pagoda remained as the main building.

The Lingxiao Pagoda is located in the former Tianning Temple on the north side of Dazhong Street in the old city of Zhengding County, Hebei Province. It has nine stories and is 42 meters high and originally named "Huiguang Pagoda" , it is also commonly known as "Wooden Pagoda" by the locals because the pagoda is entirely made of wood. It is a national key cultural relic of China and one of the few remaining wooden pagodas.

The pagoda is octagonal and is a brick-and-wood mixed pavilion-style pagoda. The first to fourth floors are brick structures, and the fifth floor and above are all wooden structures. There are only two ancient pagodas with semi-wooden structures in China: Zhengding, Hebei Province and Zhangye, Gansu Province. The Lingxiao Pagoda was built much earlier. The foundation of Lingxiao Pagoda is constructed of rammed earth, a Tang Dynasty architectural technique. At the center of the fourth story of the pagoda stands a massive, tightly bound pillar made of nine round logs tied together, extending to the top of the pagoda. This pillar, known as the central pillar, was a dominant style of pagoda construction before the Tang Dynasty. Architect Luo Zhewen, in his book *Ancient Chinese Pagodas*, states that this structure is a unique example in extant Chinese architecture. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the central pillar of Lingxiao Pagoda decayed. After careful observation, research, and meticulous calculations, the monk Huai Bing crafted a replacement section of the wooden pillar, successfully replacing the decayed log. Lingxiao Pagoda has undergone numerous destructions and reconstructions over the centuries. The current first to fourth stories were rebuilt during the Song Dynasty on the site of a Tang Dynasty pagoda, while the upper stories were built during the Jin Dynasty. Although the pagoda has three distinct versions, it has never been completely demolished and rebuilt.

In 1966, a major earthquake struck Xingtai City, Hebei Province, severely damaging the upper seven stories of Lingxiao Pagoda. In 1981, the Hebei Provincial Cultural Relics Department decided to renovate the Lingxiao Pagoda. A comprehensive archaeological survey was conducted before the renovation. In February 1982, an underground palace was discovered beneath the pagoda's foundation. Deep underground, within this palace, a semi-circular stone box was found, upon which rested a smaller rectangular stone box. Opening the semi-circular box revealed a bucket-shaped stone box inside. The bucket-shaped stone box bore the inscription "Built during the reign of Emperor Daizong of Tang." According to the inscription on the unearthed stone box, the Lingxiao Pagoda was initially built between the first year of the Zhide era of Emperor Suzong of Tang (756 AD) and the fourteenth year of the Dali era of Emperor Daizong of Tang (779 AD), renovated in the fifth year of the Qingli era of the Northern Song Dynasty (1045 AD), and rebuilt in the first year of the Huangtong era of the Jin Dynasty (1141 AD).

Source: Wikipedia