Non Communicable Diseases Risk Factors & Prevention - Animated Public Health Lecture Series

Описание: Non Communicable diseases.

Definition:
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, refers to a group of conditions that are not mainly caused by an acute infection or infectious agent and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors.

TYPES:
The main types of NCD are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma).
Many other important conditions are also considered NCDs, including injuries and mental health disorders

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The Global Burden of NCDs:
Non-communicable diseases kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally.
Each year, more than 15 million people die from a NCD between the ages of 30 and 69 years;
85% of these "premature" deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries.
77% of all NCD deaths are in low- and middle-income countries.
Cardiovascular diseases account for most NCD deaths, i.e 17.9 million people annually,
followed by cancers (9.3 million),
respiratory diseases (4.1 million),
and diabetes (1.5 million).
These four groups of diseases account for over 80% of all premature NCD deaths.



Who at risk of NCDs
People of all age groups, regions and countries are affected by NCDs.
These conditions are often associated with older age groups, but evidence shows that more than 15 million of all deaths attributed to NCDs occur between the ages of 30 and 69 years.
Of these "premature" deaths, 85% are estimated to occur in low- and middle-income countries.
Children, adults and the elderly are all vulnerable to the risk factors contributing to NCDs, whether from unhealthy diets, physical inactivity, exposure to tobacco smoke or the harmful use of alcohol.

THE LEADING ncd IN TERMS OF PREMATURE DEATHS.

Risk factors of NCDs
First we have;
Modifiable behavioural risk factors
Modifiable behaviours, such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol, all increase the risk of NCDs.

Tobacco accounts for over 7.2 million deaths every year (including from the effects of exposure to second-hand smoke), and is projected to increase markedly over the coming years.
4.1 million annual deaths have been attributed to excess salt/sodium intake.
More than half of the 3.3 million annual deaths attributable to alcohol use are from NCDs, including cancer.
1.6 million deaths annually can be attributed to insufficient physical activity.


Metabolic risk factors
Metabolic risk factors contribute to four key metabolic changes that increase the risk of NCDs:
raised blood pressure;
overweight and obesity;
hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels); and
hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood).
In terms of attributable deaths, the leading metabolic risk factor globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 19% of global deaths are attributed), followed by overweight and obesity and raised blood glucose.

The socioeconomic impact of NCDs
The rapid rise in NCDs is predicted to impede poverty reduction initiatives in low-income countries, particularly by increasing household costs associated with health care.
Vulnerable and socially disadvantaged people get sicker and die sooner than people of higher social positions, especially because they are at greater risk of being exposed to harmful products, such as tobacco, or unhealthy dietary practices, and have limited access to health services.


Management of NCDs includes detecting, screening and treating these diseases, and providing access to palliative care for people in need.
High impact essential NCD interventions can be delivered through a primary health care approach to strengthen early detection and timely treatment.
Evidence shows such interventions are excellent economic investments because, if provided early to patients, they can reduce the need for more expensive treatment.

However, Countries with inadequate health insurance coverage are unlikely to provide universal access to essential NCD interventions.


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VIDEO KEY WORDS:
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