#2 NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 4 - Animal Kingdom , NEET 2021 | RAJEEV RANJAN GUPTA

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2 hypothetical axis. : Ostia : Minute pores on body of sponge.
3 Osculum : Large outlet in body of sponge.
Hermaphrodite : Bisexual.
Polyp : Sessile cylindrical form of coelenterate (Asexual).
Medusa : Umbrella shaped free swimming sexual stage of coelenterate.
7 Acoelomate : No coelom.
8 Pseudocoelom : With false coelom (cavity not underlined by mesoderm).
9 Dioecious : Unisexual.
10 Operculum : Cover over gills in fish
11 Notochord : Dorsal rod like bone
12 Homoiotherms : Warm blooded.
13 Bioluminescence : Emit light.
-Levels of organisation

i) Cellular level- loose cell aggregates, small division of labour eg. Sponges
ii) Tissues grouped into organs eg.
Coelenterate.
iii) Organ level-Tissues grouped into organs eg. Higher animals.
Circulatory system
a) Open type- No blood vessels, blood flows in sinuses.
b) Close type- Blood flows in closed vessels.
Symmetry
Sponges.
Asymmetrical – No symmetry eg. Sponges.

Radial Symmetry – Any plane passing through central axis divides body in two equal halves.
Bilateral Symmetry – Body can be divided into two equal halves through one plane only.

Diploblastic and Triploblastic organisation
Two embryonic layers – Ectoderm and Endoderm – Diploblastic.
Three embryonic layers- Ectoderm, Mesoderm and endoderm- Triploblastic.
Coelom –

Body cavity lined by mesoderm- True Coelom.
Body cavity not lined by mesoderm Pseudo Coelom.

No body cavity – Acoelomate.
Segmentation –

True segments- Metameres (Body divided internally and externally).
Notochord –

With notochord – Chordates.
Without notochord – Non-Chordates.

Classification of Animals –


Classification of Animals Phylum Porifera –
Marine.
Multicellular, cellular grade body.
Asymmetrical.
Water canal system for food, respiration and excretion.
Body wall with many pores – Ostia.
Diploblastic.
Water enters through Ostia and goes out through Osculum.
Skeleton of spicules or spongin fibres.
Hermaphrodite.
Reproduction asexual by fragmentation and sexual by
Fertilisation is internal, development indirect.
eg. Sycon, Spongilla, Euspongiaetc.
sycon

Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) –


Aquatic (marine), Sessile or free living.
Presence of Cnidoblasts or Cnidocytes
Diploblastic.
Central gastro vascular cavity, single opening mouth.
Two body forms – Polyp (Asexual), Medusa (Sexual) stage.

eg Hydra, Physalia, Obelia, Aurelia etc.

Phylum Ctenophora (sea walnuts or comb jellies) –
Phylum Ctenophora (sea walnuts or comb jellies) –

Marine, radial symmetry, Diploblastic, tissue grade.
Eight external rows of Comb Plates.
Bioluminescence.
eg. Ctenoplana, Pleurobrachia etc.
Reproduction sexual.

Flat worms.jpg" wi
Phylum Platehelminthes (Flat worms) –

Phylum Aschelminthes (Round Worm) –

Free living or parasitic, aquatic and terrestrial. Bilateral symmetry and Triploblastic.
Pseudocoelomate. Muscular pharynx.
Male smaller and thinner than female. Fertilisation internal, development direct or indirect.

eg. Ascarislumbricoides, Wucherariabancroftiietc.



eg. Whale, Rat , Man, Tiger etc.
Respiration by lungs
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