Ionizing ability class 10 | penetrating ability class 10 | 10th class physics chapter 18 urdu sabaq

Описание: Ionizing ability class 10 | penetration power class 10 | 10th class physics chapter 18 | urdu sabaq

Ionizing Effect
The phenomenon by which radiations split matter into
positive and negative ions is called ionization. All three
kinds of radiations i.e., alpha, beta and gamma can ionize
the matter. However, alpha particles have the greatest
power of ionization as compared to beta particles and
gamma rays. It is due to large positive charge and large mass
of alpha particles. Beta particles ionize a gas much less than
alpha particles. The ionization power of gamma rays is even
less than that of beta particles. Ionization of three
radiations in a gas is shown in Fig. 18.5.
Penetrating Ability
The strength of radiations to penetrate a certain material is
called penetrating power. The alpha particle has the
shortest range because of its strong interacting or ionizing
power. The gamma rays can penetrate a considerable
thickness of concrete. It is due to their large speed and
neutral nature.
The beta radiation strongly interacts with matter due to its
charge and has a short range as compared to gamma
radiations. Fig. 18.6 shows the relative penetrating abilities
of three kinds of radiations.
Fig.18.6: Penetrating power of radiations in different materials
Alpha particle has a range of only a few centimetres in air.
Beta particles have range of several metres in air.
However, gamma rays have a range of several hundreds
metres in air.

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