76. Anatomy of Cervix | Must-Know for NEET PG/FMGE/USMLE

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Anatomy of Cervix | Must-Know for NEET PG/FMGE/USMLE

The cervix is the lower cylindrical part of the uterus 🩸 that connects the uterine cavity to the vaginal canal and plays a crucial role in reproduction, menstruation, and cancer screening. It measures about 2.5–3.5 cm in length and is anatomically divided into two parts: the supravaginal part (above the vagina) and the vaginal part (protrudes into the vagina). Histologically, it shows a distinct squamocolumnar junction (SCJ)—where the stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix meets the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix. This transformation zone (TZ) is the most common site for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma 💥. The cervical canal contains mucus-secreting glands and opens into the uterus via the internal os, and into the vagina through the external os. Blood supply is derived mainly from the uterine artery (a branch of internal iliac), and lymph drains into the parametrial, obturator, internal iliac, and sacral nodes. The cervix is richly innervated and undergoes dynamic changes throughout the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and labor 🍼. Mastering cervical anatomy is essential for understanding PAP smear, cervical insufficiency, cancer staging, and obstetric procedures like cerclage! 🧬🔬

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