Mendel law of inheritance|| Mendel's law of segregation|| biology|| class 10 PTB

Описание: The Law of Segregation states that every individual possesses two alleles for any particular trait. During the formation of gametes (eggs or sperm), these two alleles separate (segregate) from each other so that each gamete receives only one allele. At fertilization, the offspring receives one allele from each parent, restoring the pair.

Key Concepts to Remember:
Genes and Alleles: A "gene" determines a trait (like plant height), while "alleles" are the different versions of that gene (Tall vs. Short).Homozygous vs. Heterozygous: * Homozygous: Having two identical alleles (e.g., $TT$ or $tt$).Heterozygous: Having two different alleles (e.g., $Tt$).Dominant vs. Recessive: The dominant allele (capital letter) masks the expression of the recessive allele (lowercase letter).
Monohybrid CrossA genetic cross involving only one trait (e.g., seed shape).GametesReproductive cells (sperm/egg) that carry only one allele per trait.PhenotypeThe physical appearance of an organism (e.g., "Tall").GenotypeThe genetic makeup or combination of alleles (e.g., "$Tt$").Punnett SquareA checkerboard diagram used to predict the genotypes of offspring.F1 GenerationThe first filial generation (offspring of